Assessment of Extraction Methods Effects on the Biological Activities (Antioxidant and Antiamylase) and Chemistry (Total Phenolics and Flavonoids) of Guazuma ulmifolia Leaves
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v17i1.1171Keywords:
Guazuma ulmifolia, extraction methods, antioxidant, antiamylase, phenol, flavonoidsAbstract
The antioxidant activity was tested using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging method. Antiamylase activity was evaluated through a colorimetric assay that employs 3,5-dinitro salicylic acid (DNSA) as a substrate. Total phenolics and flavonoids content were quantified by the colorimetric method. The highest yield from the extraction of G. ulmifolia leaves was obtained from the water extract (9.64%). The infusion showed the most robust antioxidant and antiamylase activities (IC50 = 6.853 ± 0.504 µg/mL and 261.03 ± 6.83 µg/mL, respectively). The highest total phenolics and flavonoids content were found in the ethanolic extract, with 69.848 ± 1.871 mg GAE/g extract and 118.854 ± 1.001 mg QE/g extract respectively. Total phenolics and flavonoids content significantly influenced the antioxidant activity, but not the antiamylase activity. In conclusion, infusions were the best extraction method for obtaining high antiamylase activity, even though they did not yield the highest total phenolics and flavonoids content. Further research is needed to identify the compound in G. ulmifolia leaf infusions that contribute to antioxidant and antiamylase activities.
References
Pereiraa GA., Araujoa NMP., Arrudaa HS., de Paulo Fariasa D., Gustavo Molinab G., Pastore GM. Phytochemicals and biological activities of mutamba (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.): A review. Food Research International. 2019; 126(108713):1-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108713
Mardisiswojo S. and Rajakmangunsudarso H. Cabe Puyang Warisan Nenek Moyang; Balai Pustaka: Jakarta 1985; 227.
Adnyana I. K., Yulinah E., Yuliet, and Kurniati, N. F. Antidiabetic activity of aqueous leaf extracts of Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk., ethanolic extracts of Curcuma xanthorrhiza and their combinations in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant. 2013; 7:158–164. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/rjmp.2013.158.164
Pascoe-González, S., Ramos-Zavala, MG., Ahued, MAB., Hernández-González, SO., Cardona-Muñoz, EG., García-Benavides, L., and Grover-Páez, F. Administration of Herbarium Mixture (Guazuma ulmifolia/Tecoma stans) on Metabolic Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Med Food. 2021; 24(5):527–532. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2020.0082
Alonso-Castro, A. J. and Salazar-Olivo, L. A. The anti-diabetic properties of Guazuma ulmifolia Lam are mediated by the stimulation of glucose uptake in normal and diabetic adipocytes without inducing adipogenesis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008; 118:252–256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.04.007
Kashtoh, H. and Baek, K. H. New Insights into the Latest Advancement in α-Amylase Inhibitors of Plant Origin with Anti-Diabetic Effects. Plants. 2023; 12(2944):1-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12162944
Qamar, A. Antidiabetic activity, polyphenols-based characterization and molecular interaction of extract of un-ripe pods of Vinca rosea cv. Pink. Jordan j. pharm. Sci. 2022; 15 (2):158-172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v15i2.303
Mahnashi, MH., Alqahtani, YS., Alyami, BA., Alqarni, AO., Alqahl, SA., Ullah, F., Sadiq, A., Zeb, A., Ghufran, M., Kuraev, A., Nawaz, A., and Ayaz, M. HPLC-DAD phenolics analysis, α-glucosidase, α-amylase inhibitory, molecular docking and nutritional profiles of Persicaria hydropiper L. BMC Complement Med Ther. 2022; 22(26):1-20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-022-03510-7
Rafi, M., Meitary, N., Septaningsih, DA., and Bintang, M. Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Guazuma ulmifolia Leaves Extracts Using Different Solvent Extraction. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy Indonesian J Pharm. 2020; 31(3):171-180. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22146/ijp.598
Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. Indonesian Pharmacopeia 4th Edition. 1995.
Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. Indonesian Herbal Pharmacopeia 2nd Edition. 2017.
Gulcin, İ. and Alwasel, S. H. DPPH Radical Scavenging Assay. Processes. 2023; 11: 2248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11082248
Thummajitsakul, S., Paensanit, P., Saeieo, T., Sirirat, J., and Silprasit, K. FTIR and multivariate analysis of total phenolic content, antioxidant and anti-amylase activities of extracts and milk of Glycine max L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. Electronic Journal of Biotechnology. 2023; 64:69–75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2023.04.001
Purwaningsih, I., Fathiah, F., Amaliyah, N., and Kuswiyanto, K. The Phenolic, Flavonoid, and Anthocyanin Content from Methanol Extract of Senggani Fruit and Its Antioxidant Activity. Indo. J. Chem. Res. 2023; 10:195–202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30598//ijcr.2023.10-pur
Lefebvre, T., Destandau, E., and Lesellier, E. Selective extraction of bioactive compounds from plants using recent extraction techniques: A review. Journal of Chromatography A. 2021: 1635. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461770
Kumar, N. S. and Gurunani, S. G. Guazuma ulmifolia Lam: A review for future view. Journal of Medicinal Plants Studies. 2019; 7:205–210.
Naskar, A., Dasgupta, A. and Acharya, K. 2023. Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity of Lentinus fasciatus. Jordan j. pharm. sci. 2023; 16(1):72-81. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v16i1.1064
18 Jemal, K., Sandeep, BV., and Pola, S. Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity analysis of leaf and callus extracts of Allophylus serratus (ROXB) KURZ. Jordan j. pharm. sci. 2022; 15(1):51-69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v15i1.291
Macáková, K., Afonso, R., Saso, L. and Mladěnka, P. The influence of alkaloids on oxidative stress and related signaling pathways. Free Radical Biology and Medicine. 2019; 134:429–444. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.01.026
Desta, KT., Yoon, H., Shin, MJ., Lee, S., Wang, X., Choi, YM., Jeon, Y., Ju, Y., and Yi, J. Assessment of Phenolic Content, Saponin Content, and Antioxidant Activities in Gray, Red, and White Adzuki Bean Germplasm: A Multivariate Analysis. Korean J. Crop Sci. 2023; 68:147–166.
Mogole, L., Omwoyo, W. and Mtunzi, F. Phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity and α-amylase inhibition study using different extracts of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) leaves. Heliyon. 2020; 6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04736
Vadivelan, R., Gopala Krishnan, R. and Kannan, R. Antidiabetic potential of Asparagus racemosus Willd leaf extracts through inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. J Tradit Complement Med. 2019; 9:1–4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.10.004
Singh, P. and Gilhotra, R. M. Potent α-amylase inhibition activity of natural gums: An in-vitro anti-diabetic study. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2020; 12:196–200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.01.038
Che Sulaiman, IS., Basri, M., Masoumi, HRF., Chee, WJ., Ashari, SE. and Maznah Ismail, M. Effects of temperature, time, and solvent ratio on the extraction of phenolic compounds and the anti-radical activity of Clinacanthus nutans Lindau leaves by response surface methodology. Chem Cent J. 2017; 11(54):1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13065-017-0285-1
