Assessing the Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Purchasing Intention of Vitamins in Kuwait using the Theory of Planned Behavior
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v16i3.1611Keywords:
COVID-19, Kuwait, Vitamins, Theory of Planned BehaviorAbstract
Using the Theory of Planned Behavior model developed by Ajzen in 1985, the authors assessed the influence of attitude (ATT) toward vitamins, health awareness (HA), perceived behavioral control (PBC), subjective norms (SN), and knowledge of COVID-19 (KN) on the purchasing intention (PI) of vitamins in Kuwait during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 587 adults living in Kuwait completed the online survey, which was available in both Arabic and English. The measured variables included health awareness, attitude, knowledge about COVID-19, purchasing intention, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms. The findings indicate that HA has a significant impact on ATT. Furthermore, the results revealed that HA significantly influences ATT, ATT has a significant influence on PI, KN has a significant influence on ATT, KN has a significant influence on PI, PBC positively influences PI, SN has a significant influence over PI, and SN positively influences PI.
References
Kamate SK., Sharma S., Thakar S., Srivastava D., Sengupta K., Hadi AJ., Chaudhary A., Joshi R., Dhanker K. Assessing Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of dental practitioners regarding the COVID-19 pandemic: A multinational study. Dental and medical problems. 2020; 57(1): 11-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17219/dmp/119743
Al Jomaa, E. E., Al Meslamani, A., & Abazid, H. A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study-Knowledge, behavior and psychological change among Medical and Non-medical Students in Jordan during COVID-19 pandemic. Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2022; 15(2). DOI: https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v15i2.320
Petrosillo N., Viceconte G., Ergonul O., Ippolito G., Petersen E. COVID-19, SARS and MERS: are they closely related?. Clinical microbiology and infection. 2020; 26(6): 729-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2020.03.026
Al-Rahamneh, H., Habees, A. A., Baqleh, R., & Eston, R. Quality of life in disabled versus able-bodied individuals during COVID-19 pandemic. Jordan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2022; 15(2): 227-238. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v15i2.322
Kuwait COVID - Coronavirus Statistics - Worldometer. (2001, August 21). Kuwait COVID - Coronavirus Statistics - Worldometer. Retrieved October 07, 2022, from: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/country/kuwait/
Madden TJ., Ellen PS., Ajzen I. A comparison of the theory of planned behavior and the theory of reasoned action. Personality and social psychology Bulletin. 1992; 18(1): 3-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167292181001
Ajzen I., Fishbein M. The prediction of behavioral intentions in a choice situation. Journal of experimental social psychology. 1969; 5(4): 400-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(69)90033-X
Fishbein M., Ajzen I. Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research. Philosophy and Rhetoric. 1977; 10(2).
Montano DE., Kasprzyk D. Theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior, and the integrated behavioral model. Health behavior: Theory, research and practice. 2015; 70(4): 231.
Baranowski T., Cullen KW., Nicklas T., Thompson D., Baranowski J. Are current health behavioral change models helpful in guiding prevention of weight gain efforts?. Obesity research. 2003; 11(S10): 23S-43S. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2003.222
Lange PA., Kruglanski AW., Higgins ET., editors. Handbook of theories of social psychology. Sage; 2012.
Conner M. Theory of planned behavior. Handbook of sport psychology. 2020; 14: 1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119568124.ch1
Gould SJ. Consumer attitudes toward health and health care: A differential perspective. Journal of Consumer Affairs. 1988; 22(1): 96-118. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.1988.tb00215.x
Jayanti RK., Burns AC. The antecedents of preventive health care behavior: An empirical study. Journal of the academy of marketing science. 1998; 26(1): 6-15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0092070398261002
Shin J., Mattila AS. When organic food choices shape subsequent food choices: The interplay of gender and health consciousness. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 2019; 76: 94-101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2018.04.008
Becker MH., Maiman LA., Kirscht JP., Haefner DP., Drachman RH. The health belief model and prediction of dietary compliance: A field experiment. Journal of Health and Social behavior. 1977; 348-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2955344
Teng CC., Lu CH. Organic food consumption in Taiwan: Motives, involvement, and purchase intention under the moderating role of uncertainty. Appetite. 2016; 105: 95-105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.05.006
Choi J. The association between health conditions, consciousness, involvement, and knowledge and dietary supplement intake among university students in South Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(20): 4028. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16204028
Guallar E., Stranges S., Mulrow C., Appel LJ., Miller III ER. Enough is enough: stop wasting money on vitamin and mineral supplements. Annals of internal medicine. 2013; 159(12): 850-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-159-12-201312170-00011
Bailey RL., Gahche JJ., Lentino CV., Dwyer JT., Engel JS., Thomas PR., Betz JM., Sempos CT., Picciano MF. Dietary supplement use in the United States, 2003–2006. The Journal of nutrition. 2011; 141(2): 261-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.110.133025
Taufique KM., Siwar C., Chamhuri N., Sarah FH. Integrating general environmental knowledge and eco-label knowledge in understanding ecologically conscious consumer behavior. Procedia Economics and Finance. 2016; 37: 39-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(16)30090-9
Ghazali E., Soon PC., Mutum DS., Nguyen B. Health and cosmetics: Investigating consumers’ values for buying organic personal care products. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services. 2017; 39: 154-63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2017.08.002
Basha MB., Mason C., Shamsudin MF., Hussain HI., Salem MA. Consumers attitude towards organic food. Procedia Economics and Finance. 2015; 31: 444-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)01219-8
Kim HY., Chung JE. Consumer purchase intention for organic personal care products. Journal of consumer Marketing. 2011.
Newsom JT., McFarland BH., Kaplan MS., Huguet N., Zani B. The health consciousness myth: implications of the near independence of major health behaviors in the North American population. Social Science & Medicine. 2005; 60(2): 433-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.05.015
Mason MJ., Scammon DL. Consumers and nutritional supplements: could this be me? This is me!. ACR North American Advances. 1999.
Duong HT., Nguyen HT., McFarlane SJ., Nguyen LT. Risk perception and COVID-19 preventive behaviors: Application of the integrative model of behavioral prediction. The Social Science Journal. 2021: 1-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03623319.2021.1874176
Berki-Kiss, D., & Menrad, K. The role emotions play in consumer intentions to make pro-social purchases in Germany–An augmented theory of planned behavior model. Sustainable Production and Consumption. 2022; 29, 79-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2021.09.026
Sahoo M. Structural equation modeling: Threshold criteria for assessing model fit In Methodological Issues in management research: Advances, challenges, and the way ahead 2019 Nov 11. Emerald Publishing Limited. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78973-973-220191016
Monecke, A. and Leisch, F. (2012). semPLS: structural equation modeling using partial least squares. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v048.i03
Hair JF., Hult GT., Ringle CM., Sarstedt M., Thiele KO. Mirror, mirror on the wall: a comparative evaluation of composite-based structural equation modeling methods. Journal of the academy of marketing science. 2017; 45(5): 616-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-017-0517-x
Anderson JC., Gerbing DW. Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological bulletin. 1988; 103(3): 411. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.103.3.411
Gefen, D. and Straub, D. A practical guide to factorial validity using PLS-Graph: Tutorial and annotated example. Communications of the Association for Information systems. 2005; 16(1): 5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17705/1CAIS.01605
Henseler J., Ringle CM., Sarstedt M. A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the academy of marketing science. 2015; 43(1): 115-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Falk RF., Miller NB. A primer for soft modeling. University of Akron Press; 1992.
Liu, C., Sun, C. K., Chang, Y. C., Yang, S. Y., Liu, T., & Yang, C. C. The impact of the fear of COVID-19 on purchase behavior of dietary supplements: Integration of the theory of planned behavior and the protection motivation theory. Sustainability. 2021; 13(22): 12900. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212900
Pawlak, R., Brown, D., Meyer, M. K., Connell, C., Yadrick, K., Johnson, J. T., & Blackwell, A. Theory of planned behavior and multivitamin supplement use in Caucasian college females. The journal of primary prevention. 2008; 29: 57-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10935-008-0127-y
Petraszko, H. (2013). Theory of planned behavior to predict multivitamin/mineral use. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jand.2014.06.313
Alami, A., Tavakoly Sany, S. B., Lael-Monfared, E., Ferns, G. A., Tatari, M., Hosseini, Z., & Jafari, A. Factors that influence dietary behavior toward iron and vitamin D consumption based on the theory of planned behavior in Iranian adolescent girls. Nutrition journal. 2019; 18(1): 1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12937-019-0433-7
The Food and Agriculture Organization, (2019). Retrieved February 27, 2023, from http://www.fao.org/3/ca8380en/ca8380en.pdf.
Petricek, G., Hoffmann, K., Vandenbroucke, A., Divjak, A. C., Mayrhuber, E. A. S., & Peersman, W. Laypersons’ perception of common cold and influenza prevention—a qualitative study in Austria, Belgium and Croatia. European Journal of General Practice. 2019; 25(4): 220-228. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13814788.2019.1645831
Roxas, M., & Jurenka, J. Colds and influenza: a review of diagnosis and conventional, botanical, and nutritional considerations. Alternative Medicine Review, 2007; 12(1).
World Health Organization. (2020a). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) advice for the public. Retrieved February 27, 2023, from
https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public
