التنافس الإنجليزي – الهولندي على التجارة في بلاد فارس خلال القرن السابع عشر الميلادي
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v17i2.1346الكلمات المفتاحية:
الخليج العربي، التنافس التجاري، القوى الأوروبية، السلع التجاريةالملخص
يعرض هذا البحث التنافس الإنجليزي – الهولندي على التجارة في بلاد فارس خلال القرن السابع عشر الميلادي، التي مهد لها ما كان موجودًا في القرن السادس عشر الميلادي. فالبرتغاليون الذين كانوا يهيمنون على مقدرات المنطقة سياسيًّا وعسكريًّا وتجاريًّا أخذ نفوذهم يضعف بعد طردهم من هرمز عام 1622م، ثم تلاشى هذا النفوذ بعد طردهم من مسقط عام 1650م. كما أن هناك عاملًا مهمًّا له صلة مباشرة بالتغيُّرات التي حدثت وأثرت في طبيعة التجارة العالمية والآسيوية بشكل خاص، أو ما يعرف بتجارة الموانئ الآسيوية. "Country Trade" إضافة إلى ما سبق، فقد تمَّ التركيز على حجم التجارة وأنواع السلع التي كان يجري نقلها وتبادلها في المنطقة من قبل الشركات الأوروبية والصراع والتنافس التجاري الذي دار بين هذه القوى للاستئثار بالمواد والسلع الشرقية وفي مقدمتها التوابل والحرير، إضافة إلى سلع أخرى كثيرة، وحاجة بعضهم المُلِحَّة إلى أسواق يصرّفون فيها منتجاتهم، مثل الصوف الذي أنتج منه الإنجليز كمياتٍ كبيرةً فاضت عن حاجتهم.
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