تحقيق موضع مسجد العظام في محافظة العُلا شمال غرب المملكة العربيَّة السعوديَّة، استنادًا إلى المصادر التاريخيَّة والدراسات الأثريَّة
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v20i1.3412الكلمات المفتاحية:
مسجد العظام، جامع البلدة، قُرح، البلدة القديمة، غزوة تبوكالملخص
تحتضن محافظةُ العُلا الواقعة في شمال غرب المملكة العربية السعودية مجموعةً من مواقع التاريخ الإسلامي المرتبطة بسيرة النبي ﷺ وأصحابه الكرام، رضي الله عنهم، يأتي من بين أهمِّ تلك المواقع ما يُسمى بمسجد العظام الذي أدى النبي ﷺ الصلاة فيه أثناء غزوة تبوك في السنة 9هـ/ 630م، وَيُعَدُّ هذا المسجدُ أحدَ المساجد النبوية التي كانت معروفةً لدى السكان والأهالي لمئات السنين؛ حيث اتَّخذوه مسجدًا رئيسًا لهم، يقيمون فيه جميع الصلوات الخمس وصلاة الجمعة. مع مرور الزمن، اختفى هذا المسجدُ من الذاكرة، وأطلق السكان في عصرنا الحاضر على نحوٍ غير صحيح اسمَ مسجد العظام على جامع البلدة القديمة (الديرة)، الواقع في الزاوية الجنوبية الشرقية من البلدة. وعليه، فسيتتبَّعُ هذا البحثُ ما أوردته النصوصُ الإسلامية المبكِّرة حول مسجد العظام، وتحليلها على نحوٍ علمي دقيق، والوصول إلى عِدَّة نتائج علمية تتعلَّقُ بالموضع الصحيح لمسجد العظام، وتحقيقه على أرض الواقع، وتعرُّف الحقائق التاريخية والأثرية كُلِّها المرتبطة به على مرِّ العصور الإسلامية.
المراجع
The Holly Qurān.
al-Afghānī, Sa‘īd ibn Muḥammad (1974); Arab Markets in Pre-Islamic and Islamic Times, Beirut: Dār al-Fikr for Printing, Publishing and Distribution, 3rd ed.
al-‘Abūdī, Aḥmad; al-Shammarī, Rḍā; al-Yūsif, Nāif and Qā‘ūd, Mājid (2019); “Scientific Report on Archaeological Excavations at the Site of Al-Mābiyāt (Qurh), Eighth Season 1432 A.H./2011 A.D.”. Atlal: Annual of Saudi Arabian Archaeology, vol. 27, Pp. 41-49.
al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad ibn Ismāʿīl (d. 256 A.H./870 A.D.) (2004); Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Riyadh: Maktabat al-Rushd.
al-Burayk, Lamiyā and al-‘Amrī, ‘Abd al-‘Azīz (2020); “The Mosque of Bones: A Historical Legacy from the Prophetic Era”. al-Youm Newspaper, no. 6236278. https://www.alyaum.com/articles/6236278
al-Faqīr, Badr ‘Ādil (2009); Nature and Antiquities in al-‘Ula Province/Saudi Arabia A Touristic Jewel. Riyadh: Saudi Geographical Society.
al-Ghazzī, ‘Abd al-‘Azīz; al-‘Umayr, ‘Abd Allāh; al-Zahrānī, ‘Abd al-Nāṣir; al-Ḥaddād, ‘Abd Allāh; Mishbī, Ibrāhīm; Ṣālih, Muḥsin; al-Sulṭān, ‘Āṭif, al-Shadūkhī, ‘Abd al-‘Azīz; al-Dhifayrī, Fahd; al-Shammarī, Riḍā and al-Rashīdī, Fahīd (2018); “Scientific Report on Excavation Work at the Site of Al-Mabiyat (Qurah), Sixth Season 1430/2009”. Atlal: Annual of Saudi Arabian Archaeology, vol. 26, Pp. 37-61.
al-Ḥamawī, Yāqūt ibn ‘Abd Allāh (d. 626 A.H./ 1229 A.D.) (1995); Muʿjam al-Buldān, Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, 2nd ed.
Ibn al-Athīr, Abū al-Ḥasan ‘Alī ibn Muḥammad (d. 630 A.H./ 1233 A.D.) (2012); Usd al-Ghābah fī Ma‘rifat al-Ṣaḥābah, Beirut: Dār Ibn Ḥazm.
Ibn Baṭṭūṭah, Muḥammad ibn ‘Abd Allāh al-Ṭanjī (d. 779 A.H./ 1368 A.D.) (2003); Riḥlat Ibn Baṭṭūṭah (Tuḥfat al-Nuẓẓār fī Gharā’ib al-Amṣār wa-‘Ajā’ib al-Asfār), Muḥammad ‘Abd al-Rahīm ed., Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Kutub al-Thaqāfīyah.
Ibn Ḥajar al-‘Asqalānī, Aḥmad ibn ‘Alī (d. 852 A.H./ 1449 A.D.) (1995); al-Iṣābah fī Tamyīz al-Ṣahābah, ‘Ādil Aḥmad ‘Abd al-Mawjūd and ‘Ali Muḥammad Mu‘awaḍ, eds., Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah.
Ibn Ḥajar al-‘Asqalānī, Aḥmad ibn ‘Alī (d. 852 A.H./ 1449 A.D.) (2013); Fatḥ al-Bārī bi-Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Shu‘ayb al-Arna’ūṭī and ‘Ādil Murshid, eds., Beirut: al-Risālah al-‘Ilmīyah.
Ibn Hishām, ‘Abd al-Malik ibn Hishām (d. 218 A.H./ 833 A.D.) (1955); al-Sīrah al-Nabawīyah, Cairo: Maktabat wa-Maṭba‘at Muṣṭafa al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī wa-Awlāduh, 2nd ed.
Ibn Mandah, Muḥammad ibn Isḥāq ibn Muḥammad (d. 395 A.H./1005 A.D.) (2005); Ma‘rifat al-Ṣahābah, ‘Āmir Ḥasan Ṣabrī, ed., al-Imārāt: Maṭbū‘āt Jāmi‘at al-Imārāt al-Arabīyah.
Ibn Qāni‘, Abū al-Ḥusayn ‘Abd al-Bāqī ibn Qāni‘ ibn Wāthiq al-Baghdādī (d. 351 A.H.//962 A.D.) (1997); Muʿjam al-Ṣahābah, Abū ‘Abd al-Raḥmān Ṣalāḥ ibn Sālim al-Miṣrātī, ed, al-Madīnah al-Munawarah: Maktabat al-Ghurabā’ al-Atharīyah.
Ibn Shabbah, Zayd ibn ‘Ubaydah (d. 262 A.H./ 877 A.D.) (1979); Tārīkh al-Madīnah, Fahīm Muḥammad Shaltūt ed., Jeddah: Ḥabib Maḥmūd Aḥmad.
Ibn Zabbālah, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan (d. 199 A.H./ 814 A.D.) (2003); Akhbār al-Madīnah, Ṣalāḥ ‘Abd al-‘Azīz ibn Salāmah ed., al-Madīnah al-Munawarah: Markaz Buḥūth wa-Dirāsāt al-Madīnah al-Munawarah.
Ibrāhīm, Muḥammad; al-Ṭalḥī, Ḍayf Allāh; Gilmore, Michael and Mursī, Jamāl (1985); “Preliminary Report on the Results of the Archaeological Explorations at the Islamic Site of Al-Mabiyat, First Season 1404 A.H./1984 A.D”. Aṭlāl: The Saudi Arabian Archaeological Yearbook, no. 9, Pp. 113-123.
Ibrāhīm, Muḥammad; al-Ṭalḥī, Ḍayf Allāh; Mursī, Jamāl; Askūbī, Khālid; al-Ruwaite‘, ‘Abd al-‘Azīz; al-‘Aqīl, Ṣāliḥ; al-‘Anazī, Nāyif; Slaughter, Marcus and Faddā, Muḥammad (1986); “Report of the Excavation of al-Mabiyat Second Season for the year 1405 AH/1985 AD. Atlal: Annual of Saudi Arabian Archaeology, no. 10, Pp. 71-78.
al-Iṣtakhrī, Ibrahīm ibn Muḥammad (d. 346 A.H./957 A.D.) (1927); al-Masālik wa-al-Mamālik, De Goeje ed., Leiden: Maṭba‘at Brīll, 2nd ed.
Jaussen, Antonin and Savignac, Raphael (2017); An Archaeological Expedition to the Arabian Peninsula, Translated by Ṣabā al-Fārīs, reviewed by Sulaymān ibn ‘Abd al-Rahmān al-Dhayb and Sa‘īd ibn Fāyiz al-Sa‘īd, Riyadh: King ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Foundation.
al-Jazīrī, ‘Abd al-Qādir ibn Muḥammad al-Anṣārī al-Ḥanbalī (d. 977 A.H./1570 A.D.) (1983); al-Durar al-Farā’id al-Munaẓẓamah fī Akhbār al-Ḥājj wa-Ṭarīq Makkah al-Mu‘aẓẓamah, Hamad al-Jāsir ed., Riyadh: Dār al-Yamāmah.
Kabrīt, Muḥammad ibn ‘Abd Allāh al-Ḥusaynī (d. 1070 A.H./1659 A.D.) (1965); Riḥlat al-Shitā’ wa-al-Ṣayf, Muḥammad Sa‘īd al-Ṭanṭāwī ed., Beirut: al-Maktab al-Islāmī lil- Tibā‘ah wa-al-Nashr, 2nd ed.
King, G. R. D. (1986); The Historical Mosques of Saudi Arabia, London and New York: Longman.
al-Maqdisī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (d, 380 A.H./ 990 A.D.) (1906); Aḥsan al-Taqāsīm fī Ma‘rifat al-Aqālīm, Leiden: Maṭba‘at Brīll, 2nd ed.
al-Maṭarī, Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (d. 741 A.H./1340 A.D.) (1982); al-Ta‘rīf bi-mā-Ānsat al-Hijrah min Ma‘ālim Dār al-Hijrah, As‘ad Darabzūnī, ed., al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah: al-Maktabah al-‘Ilmīyah.
al-Mizzī, Jamāl al-Dīn Abū al-Ḥajjāj Yūsuf (d. 742 A.H./1341 A.D.) (1992); Tahdhīb al-Kamāl fī Asmā’ al-Rijāl, Bashār ‘Awād Ma‘rūf ed., Beirut: Mu’assasat al-Risālah.
al-Mu‘ayqil, Ibrāhīm; al-‘Umayr, ‘Abd Allāh; al-Marīkhī, Mishlaḥ; al-Shadūkhī, ‘Abd al-‘Azīz; al-Ghānim, Kāmil; al-Sulṭān; ‘Ātif, al-Zahrānī; Sa‘īd, Jabr; ‘Abd Allāh, Al-‘Āmir, Fū’ād; al-‘Aydī, Ḥātm and al-Suḥaymī, Muḥammad (2011); “Report on the Excavation Work at the Site of Qurah (Al-Mabiyat), Second Season 1426 A.H./2005 A.D.”. Atlal: Annual of Saudi Arabian Archaeology, vol. 21, Pp. 28-46.
Naṣīf, ‘Abd Allāh Ādam (1995); al-‘Ula: A Study in the Cultural and Social Heritage, Riyadh: The Author.
al-Samhūdī, ‘Alī ibn ‘Abd Allāh (d. 911 A.H./ 1505 A.D.) (1998); Wafā’ al-Wafā’ bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-‘Ilmīyah.
Saudi Press Agency (2023); al-Riyadh Newspaper (2023); “Crown Prince Project, Rehabilitation of al-Ḥiṣn al-Asfal and al-‘Iẓām Mosques”. al-Riyadh Newspaper, no. 2005529, Sunday 2 April 2023.
al-Shaybānī, Muḥammad ‘Abd al-Hādī (2004); “Architectural Heritage in Al-‘Ula and the Importance of Preserving It”. Journal of the Medina Research and Studies Center, No. 10, Pp. 67-92.
al-Subai‘ī, Muḥammad ibn Shabīb (2024); “Defensive Fortifications in the Islamic City of Qurh, al-Ula Governorate, Northwest of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.” Journal of the Faculty of Archaeology, Cairo University, vol. 27, Pp. 1063-1087.
Alsubaie, Mohammad Shabib; Almutery, S., Almoufleh, A., Khalil, M. and Sallam, A. (2024); “Architectural Heritage Conservation in the city of Qurh: Assessing and Stabilizing Islamic Era Mud Brick Structures”. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, vol 24, no. 1, Pp. 50-73.
‘Umar, Nuhā (2020); “Tantūrat Al-‘Ula and the Old Town, a Journey Through Time.” Riyadh: Sky News, 9 Feb. 2020, no. 13194977.
https://www.skynewsarabia.com/varieties/1319497
al-‘Umarī, ‘Abd al-‘Azīz (2020); “The Mosque of Bones: A Historical Legacy from the Prophetic Era”. al-Youm Newspaper, February 1 2020, no. 6236278.
https://www.alyaum.com/articles/6236278
al-‘Umayr, ‘Abd Allāh; al-Sa‘īd, Sa‘īd; al-Ḥalībah, Sa‘d; al-Salīm, Fahd; al-Sulṭān, ‘Āṭif; Naṣīf, ‘Abd Allāh; al-Marīkhī, Mishlaḥ; al-Sha‘bān, Ṭalāl; al-Ḥassan, Aḥmad; al-Zahrānī, ‘Abd al-Nāṣir; al-Shadūkhī, ‘Abd al-‘Azīz; al-Ghānim, Kāmil; al-Zahrānī, Sa‘īd; al-‘Āmir, Fū’ād; al-‘Aydī, Ḥātim; al-Suḥaymī, Muḥammad; al-Harbī, Jizā’; Jabr, ‘Abd Allāh and al-Juday‘ī, Bassām (2006); “Excavation of the Islamic city of Qurh (Al-Mabiyat) in Al-Ula Governorate, the first season of the year 1425 A.H./2004 A.D.”. Atlal: Annual of Saudi Arabian Archaeology, vol. 19, Pp. 217-252.
al-Wāqidī, Muḥammad ibn ‘Umar (d. 207 A.H./ 823 A.D.) (1989); al-Maghāzī, Marsden Jones ed. Beirut: Dār al-Aa’lamī, 3rd ed.
al-Wohaibi, Abdullah (1973); Northern Hijaz in the Writings of Arab Geographers 800-1150, Beirut: al-Risalah.
al-Zahrānī, ‘Abd al-Nāṣir ibn ‘Abd al-Rahmān (2006); “The Architectural Heritage of the Old Town of Al-Ula and Its Preservation”. Adumatu, vol. 17, Pp. 37-58.

