طوائف الحِرف في القاهرة العثمانيَّة: قراءة في مخطوط (الدخاير والتُّحف في بير الصنايع والحِرف)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v20i1.3573الكلمات المفتاحية:
القاهرة العثمانيَّة، طوائف الحِرف، شيوخ الحِرف، آداب الطرائق الصوفيَّةالملخص
تناولت هذه الدراسة المفاهيم العامة والتصوُّرات النظرية لطوائف الحِرف بالقاهرة العثمانية، عبر قراءة في مخطوط (الدخاير والتحف في بير الصنايع والحِرف). يعود هذا المخطوط إلى نهايات القرن السادس عشر أو بدايات القرن السابع عشر بأقصى تقدير، وَيُعَدُّ الكتابةَ التاريخيَّةَ الوحيدة من مصر التي تناولت جماعات الحِرف؛ لذا تناولته هذه الدراسة لأهميته وعدم تعرُّضه للبحث والتحقيق الكافي. تتكوَّن الدراسة من ثلاثة أجزاء؛ يعرضُ أوَّلُها مقدمة موجزة عن طوائف الحِرف في القاهرة العثمانية، ويعرض المصادر التاريخية والدراسات الحديثة حول الموضوع، ويُقدِّمُ ثانيها قراءة مُركَّزة لمخطوط (بير الصنايع)، ويُعَدُّ محورَ الدراسة الرئيس، أما ثالثُها فيستعرض النتائج المستخلصة من دراسة المخطوط، التي تؤكد ارتباط الطوائف بتقاليد الطرائق الصوفية المعاصرة، بجانب موقفها المتحفِّظ من التأثيرات العثمانية الوافدة، تنتهي الدراسة بخلاصة لأهم الأفكار والنتائج. تُظهر نتائج الدراسة أن العلاقة بين الطرائق الصوفية والطوائف الحِرفية أسهمت في استمرار التقاليد الحِرفية المملوكية خلال الحكم العثماني، كما توفر إسهامًا جديدًا في مجال دراسة تاريخ طوائف الحِرف عبر تقديم تحليل معمّق لمخطوط نادر لم يحظَ بالدراسة الكافية.
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