دور المدرسة الاستشراقيَّة الألمانيَّة في تأسيس التحالف الألماني-العثماني 1910-1914
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v20i1.3577الكلمات المفتاحية:
الاستشراق، التحالف، جمعيَّة الاتحاد والترقي، الجهاد المقدَّس، الحرب العالميَّة الأولىالملخص
واكبت المدرسة الاستشراقية الألمانية نشأة الدولة الألمانية وتطوّرَها، ليظهر لدينا مع مطلع القرن العشرين ما عُرف بدراسة واقع المجتمعات الشرقية المعاصرة بهدف التغلغل والسيطرة والاستعمار؛ حيث تناولت هذه الدراسة هذا البُعد عبر بيان دور الاستشراق الألماني في بناء التحالف الألماني-العثماني في حدوده الزمنية والمكانية، معتمدة على المنهج التاريخي والنقديّ بالعودة إلى المصادر والمراجع الأولية. عالجت الدراسة الموضوع بالتطرُّق إلى جهود المستشرقين والمؤسسات الاستشراقية وبيان خطابها وربطها بتطوُّر الأحداث داخل الإمبراطورية العثمانية، كما عالجت فكرة الخلافة الإسلامية في المشروع الاستشراقي الألماني التي بدأت في العهد الحميدي عبر مشروع الجامعة الإسلامية، وكيف تحوَّلت إلى تبني مشروع الدولة العلمانية في عهد جمعية الاتحاد والترقي؛ لتعود خلال فترة الدراسة إلى فكرة السلطان "الخليفة" القادر على تثوير المسلمين في المستعمرات الفرنسية والبريطانية، وذلك عبر مذكّرة قدَّمها المستشرق الألماني ماكس أوبنهايم للإمبراطور والحكومة الألمانية، ليكون التحالف الألماني العثماني وإعلان الجهاد ثمرةً لهذا الجهد الاستشراقي. وخلصت الدراسة إلى أنَّ الاستشراق الألمانيَّ انخرط بشكل كامل في هذه الفترة بمشروع الدولة الألمانية التوسُّعي والإمبريالي.
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