إسهامات المرأة السَّلجوقيَّة في إنشاء المدارس في دمشق وبغداد والأناضول 448هـ/1056 م-651هـ/1253 م

المؤلفون

  • Farida Mohammad Jamous طالبة دكتوراة، قسم التاريخ، كلية العلوم الإنسانية، جامعة النجاح الوطنية، فلسطين https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6779-6138
  • Alian Abdel Fattah Al-Jalode قسم التاريخ، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية، جامعة آل البيت، الأردن https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2660-5705

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v20i1.3625

الكلمات المفتاحية:

السَّلاجقة، خاتون، دمشق، بغداد، الأناضول، الخلافة العباسيَّة

الملخص

شهدت الحضارة الإسلاميَّة في عهد السَّلاجقة ازدهارًا ثقافيًّا وعلميًّا كبيرًا، وكان للمرأة السَّلجوقيّة دورٌ مهم في هذا الازدهار، فعلى الرغم من تباين النظرة للمرأة السلجوقية عند بعض الدارسين في العصور الإسلامية والحديثة فإنَّه لا يمكن إنكار إسهاماتها، وخاصَّة في رعاية العلم والعلماء وبناء المدارس. أدَّت المدارس التي أنشأتها النساء السَّلجوقيّات في دمشق وبغداد والأناضول دورًا محوريًّا في خدمة الإسلام، ولكن بطرائق وأساليب مختلفة تتناسب مع طبيعة المنطقة، والظروف السياسيَّة والاجتماعيَّة المحيطة بها؛ ففي دمشق وبغداد جاء تركيز هذه المدارسِ الأساسيُّ على تكوين نُخبة من العلماء والمفكِّرين الذين أسهموا في دعم الدولة والسلطة الدينيّة السُّنِّيَّة، وذلك ضمن إطار الصراع القائم مع الدولة الفاطميَّة الشيعيَّة، التي اتَّخذت من الأزهر في مصر مركزًا رئيسًا لنشر فكرها وتعزيز نفوذها في العالم الإسلامي. اتَّخذت مدارس الأناضول نهجًا مختلفًا يعكس طبيعة المنطقة وتحدياتها؛ حيث كان التركيز الأكبر على دمج المجتمعات المحليَّة تحت الحكم السَّلجوق، وتوطيد وجود الدولة في الأراضي المفتوحة حديثا، التي كانت تخضع سابقًا للحكم البيزنطي؛ فقد ساعدت مدارس الأناضول في دمج الشعوب المتنوِّعة ضمن إطار الدولة الإسلاميّة؛ ممّا أدى إلى استقرار الحكم السَّلجوقيِّ في تلك المناطق. وهي بذلك شكَّلت جسرًا حضاريًّا لنقل الثقافة الإسلاميّة وترسيخها في البيئات الجديدة؛ مما جعلها تؤدي دورا استراتيجيًا في نشر الإسلام وتعزيز مكانة الدولة السَّلجوقيّة في العالم الإسلامي.  . تستعرض هذه الدراسة كيف رسّخت النساء السلجوقيات أنفسهن كراعيات للعلم والثقافة، مما جعلهن نموذجا يُحتذى به في تعزيز التعليم والبحث العلمي. وقد تركت جهودهن إرثا فكريا وثقافيا غنيا ومستمرا.

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التنزيلات

منشور

2026-02-28

كيفية الاقتباس

Jamous, F. M., & Al-Jalode, A. A. F. (2026). إسهامات المرأة السَّلجوقيَّة في إنشاء المدارس في دمشق وبغداد والأناضول 448هـ/1056 م-651هـ/1253 م. المجلّةُ الأردنيّة للتاريـخ والآثار, 20(1), 103–129. https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v20i1.3625

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