A Sort of Sepulchral Construction in Wadi Umm Ṭulayḥa, Southeastern Badia, Jordan?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54134/jjha.15.3.5Keywords:
Wadi Umm Ṭulayḥa, Ḥismaic inscriptions, Ancient North Arabia, funeral culture.Abstract
This paper presents a linguistic and etymological analysis of three North Arabian inscriptions carved on a relatively small stone. The stone was found east of al-Jafr in southern Jordan, near the Jordanian-Saudi border. The content of the three inscriptions in terms of writing style, topic, and vocabulary is similar to other North Arabian inscriptions. Nevertheless, the three inscriptions include new words that have not been attested before in other inscriptions of the same type. Some rock drawings were also found in the same rujm.
References
Ababneh, M. and Sadaqah, I. (2014); “Data' "dṯʾ" Pasturing Season of Safaites”. Journal of King Saud University Tourism and Archaeology, vol. 26 (1): 15-46.
AbaNS: Ababneh, M. (2005); Neue safaitische Inschriften und deren bildliche Darstellung. Semitica et Semitohamitica Berolinensia, 6. Aachen: Shaker.
AH: Abu al-Ḥasan, Ḥ. (2002); Laḥyanite Inscriptions from al-ʿulā, a Comparative and Analytic Study, Al-Riyāḍ: Wizārat al-Maʿārif.
AHS: Ababneh, M., and Harahsheh, R. (2015); Sacrifice in the Safaitic inscriptions in the light of New Evidence. Acta Orientala Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae, vol. 68 (1), 29-48.
Arbach, M. and Schiettecatte, J. (2006); Catalogue des pieces archéologiqueset épigraphiques du Jawf au Musée National de Ṣanʿâʾ. Ṣanʿâʾ National Museum, Ṣanʿāʾ, Centre français d'archéologie et de sciences sociales de Ṣanʿâʾ. [Text in French and Arabic]
ASWS: Banī ʿAwād, A. (1999); Study of New Safaitic Inscriptions from South wādī sārah/ North al-bādiyah al¬urdunniyya, Unpublished MA thesis, Yarmouk University, Jordan.
AWS: ʿAlūlū, Ġ. (1996); Study of New Safaitic Inscriptions from Wadi al Sūʿ Southern Syria, Unpublished M.A. thesis, Yarmouk University, Jordan.
Beeston, A. F. L., et.al. (1982); Sabaic Dictionary: English-French-Arabic. Publication of the University of Sanaa. YAR. Éditions Peeters-Louvain-la Neuve and Librairie du Liban – Beyrouth.
Beeston, A.F.L. 1986. Thanks for Safe Return from a Mission to King of the North. Corpus des inscriptions et antiquités sud-arabes, II, 1 (inscriptions). Louvain, Peeters. Pp. 33-36.
Botterweck G. and Ringgren, H. (eds)(1999); Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament. Vol.2, Grand Rapids: Eerdmanns.
BR: Bikai, P. (2009); “The Cairn of the Mermaids”. Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan, Vol. 10: 225-244.
BDB: Brown, F., et.al. (1979); A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
CIAS: Corpus des inscriptions et antiquités sud-arabes.
CIS: Ryckmans, G. (1950-1951); Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum: Pars Quinta, Inscriptiones Saracenicae Continens: Tomus Famsciculus I, Inscriptiones Safaiticae. Paris: E Reipublicae Typographeo.
Corbett, G. (2010); Mapping the mute immortals: a locational and contextual analysis of the Thamudic/Ḥismaic inscriptions and rock drawing from the Wādī Hafīr of southern Jordan: a dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Division of Humanities in candidacy for the degree of doctor of philosophy. Chicago. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.
CSA: Clark, V. (1985); “New Safaitic Inscriptions from Sakaka and Azraq”. Abr-Nahrain, Vol. 23: 14-21, pls 1-2.
CSNS: Clark, V.A. (1979); A Study of New Safaitic Inscriptions from Jordan. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Middle Eastern Studies. University of Melbourne.
Díez, Maríadel Carmen Hidalgo-Chacón (2009); Die theophoren Personennamen in den dadanischen Inschriften. Ph.D. Dissertation, Philipps-Universität Marburg.
al-Jallad, A. and Jaworska, K. (2019); “A Dictionary of the Safaitic Inscriptions”, Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics, Vol. 98, Leiden: Brill.
al-Jallad, A. (2020); Notes on the Language of the Hismaic Inscriptions and a Re-Reading of Line 4 of the Madaba Hismaic Inscription, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society: vol. 3, Pp-1-9.
Jaussen, A. and Savignac, R. (1909, 1914); Mission archéologique en Arabie, Vol. 1-2 and Atlas. Paris.
JaL: Jamme, A. (1974); Miscellanées d'ancient arabe VI. Washington, DC: [privately produced].
Jastrow, M. (1903); A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushlmi, and the Midrashic Literature, Vol. 1, A-K. London: W.W.C: Luzac – New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons.
JS: Thamudic inscriptions in Jaussen and Savignac 1909, 1914.
HaNSB: Ḥaraḥšah, R. (2010); Safaitic Inscriptions from the Northern Eastern Jordan-Badiyah: Analytic Study, Amman: Ward.
Hayajneh, H. (2016); “Ancient North Arabian Inscriptions, Rock Drawings, and Tribal Brands (wasms) from the Šammāḫ/ʾAyl (ʾĒl) Region, Southern Jordan, pp. 505-541 in MacDonald, B., Clark, G., Herr, L., Quaintance, S., Hayajneh, H. and Eggler, J.”. The Shammakh to Ayl Archaeological Survey, Southern Jordan (2020-2012). American Schools of Oriental Research Archaeological Reports 24. Boston.
Hayajneh, H. (2018); “Safaitic Prayers, Curses, Grief, and More from Wadi Salhub North-Eastern Jordan”, In: To the Madbar and Back Again. Studies in the Language, Archaeology, and Cultures of Arabia Dedicated to Michael C.A. Macdonald. Laïla Nehmé and Ahmad Al-Jallad (editors). Leiden: Brill,: 41-68.
HCH: Harding, G.L. (1953); “The Cairn of Haniʾ”. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan Vol. 2: 8-56, pls. 1-7.
Healey, J. (2020); Linguistic Variation in the Nabataean Aramaic of the Nabataean Period. Jordan Journal for History and Archaeolgy, Special Issue, Third International Conference on Petra and Nabataean Culture, Vol. 14, No. 4,: 201-214.
Hoftjizer, J. and Jongeling, K. (1995); Dictionary of the North-West Semitic Inscriptions, 2 vols. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Leiden: Brill.
Ir: al-Iryānī, M. (1990); “In the History of Yaman”. Monumental Inscriptions and Comments, Ṣanʿāʾ: Markaz al-Dirāsāt wa-al-Buḥūṯ al-Yamanī.
Ibn al-Kalbi, Hisham Mohammad. (d. 204 H)(1995) ; Bibliothèque Nationale d'Éypte. Le liver des Idoles (Kitāb al-Aṣnām). Imprimerie bibliothèque nationals. Le Caire. 3rd edition.
King, G. (1990); Early North Arabian Thamudic E. A preliminary description based on a new corpus of inscriptions from the Ḥismā desert of southern Jordan and published material. Ph.D thesis, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.
Krone S. (1992); Die altarabische Gottheit al-Lāt. (Heidelberger Orientalistische Studien, 23). Frankfurt-am-Main: Peter.
KRS: Inscriptions recorded by Geraldine King on the Basalt Desert Recue Survey in north-eastern Jordan in 1989 and published in OCIANA.
Lane, E. W. (1968); Mad al-Qāmys: an Arabic English Dictionary. Eight parts, Beirut: Librairie du Liban.
Ma'ani, S. and Sadaqa, I. (2003), “Two Hismaic Inscriptions from South-Eastern Jordan”. Dirāsāt (University of Jordan), Vol. 30, No. 3: 643-660.
Macdonald, M.C.A. (1993); Nomads and the Ḥawrān in the Late Hellenistic and Roman Periods: A Reassessment of the Epigraphic Evidence, Syria; Vol. 70: 303-413.
Macdonald, M. C. A. (2004); “Ancient North Arabian”. In The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World’s Ancient Languages, edited by R. D. Woodard, pp. 488–533. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Macdonald, M.C.A. (2018); “The Ancient North Arabian and Ancient South Arabian Inscriptions”. In The Darb al-Bakrah: A Caravan Route in North-West Arabia. Discovered by Ali I. al-Ghabban. Catalogue of the Inscriptions. Edited by Laïla Nehmé et al. Pp. 227-268. Riyadh: Saudi Commission for Tourism and National Heritage.
al-Manaser, A. (2008); Ein Korpus neuer safaitischer Inschriften aus Jordanien. Semitica et Semitohamitica Berolinensia, 10. Aachen: Shaker.
Meimaris, Y.; Kritikakou-Nikolaropoulou, K.I. and Brock, S.P. = MZ. (2016); Inscriptions from Palestina Tertia vol. Ic. The Jewish Aramaic Inscriptions from Ghor Es-Safi (Byzantine Zoora). Athens: Eptalofos.
Mirʿi, ʿId (2012); Lišānum Akkadītum. Manšūrāt al-Hayʾah al-ʿĀmah al-Sūrīyah lil-Kitāb. Dimašq: Wizārat al-ṯaqāfah.
Müller, D. H. (1889); Epigraphische Denkmäler aus Arabien. (nach Abklatschen und Copien des Herrn Professor Dr. Julius Euting in Strassburg). Vorgelegt in der Sitzung am 9. Mai 1888. (Denkschriften der (kaiserlichen) Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Philosophisch-historische Klasse, 37.2). Vienna: Tempsky. Pages: 71 Plates: IV Nu.22.
al-Nasarat, M. (2013); The History of Zoora (Ghor es-Safi) during the Bazyntine period (A.D. 324-636), Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology, vols. 2-3: 1-26.
Nehmé, L. and Macdonald, M. C. A. (2015); “Bny, ʾl and ʾhl in Nabataean and Safaitic”. Dûma 3: The 2012 Report of Saudi-French Archaeology Project at Dûmat al-Jandal, Saudi Arabia. Edited by Guillaume Charloux and Romolo Loreto. Riyadh: 69-76.
Nöldeke, Th. (1910); Neue Beiträge zur semitischen Sprachwissenschaft. Strassburg: Trübner.
OCIANA: The Online Corpus of the Inscriptions of Ancient North Arabia.
Renfroe, F. (1992); Arabic-Ugaritic Lexical Studies. Abhandlungen zur Literatur Alt-Syrien-Palästinas, Band 5. Münster: UGARIT-Verlag.
Robin, Ch. J. (2004); " Ḥimyar et Israël". In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 148ᵉ année, No. 2: 831-906.
Robin, Ch. J. (2015) ; Le judaïsme de l’Arabie antique, Actes du colloque de Jérusalem (février 2006), Christian Julien Robin, ed. (Judaïsme ancien et origines du christianisme, 3), Turnhout: Brepols.
Rosenhouse, J. (2002); “Personal Names in Hebrew and Arabic: Modern Trends Compared to the Past”. Journal of Semitic Studies, Vol. 47.No. 1: 97-114.
RSIS: Rawan, S. (2013); Neue safaitische Inschriften aus Süd-Syrien. Semitica et Semitohamitica Berolinensia, 16. Aachen: Shaker.
Ryckmans, J. et.al. (1994) ; Textes du Yémen antique inscrits sur bois (with an English Summary). (Publications de l'Institut orientaliste de Louvain, 43). Louvain: Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut Orientaliste.
Tarawneh, M. et.al. (2017); “Results of the South-Eastern Badia Archaeological Project in Al-Thulaythuwat area to the south-east of Al-Jafr during the period 2010-2015”. Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology, Vol. 11. No. 1: 73-93.
Taylor, D. (2011) ; An Imperial Aramaic Glossary. Oxford.
TIJ: Harding, G.L. and Littmann, E. (1952); Some Thamudic Inscriptions from the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Leiden: Brill.
Watson, W. (2011); ”Semitic and Non-Semitic Terms for Horse-Trappings in Ugaritic”. Aula Orientalis: Vol. 29: 155-176.
Weninger, S. (2009); “Der Jemen als lexikalisches Ausstrahlungszentrum in der Antike”. Philologisches und Historisches zwischen Anatolien und Sokotra Analecta Semitica In Memoriam Alexander Sima. Werner Arnold et.al. eds, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz: 395-410.
WH: Winnett, F.V. and Harding, G.L. (1978); Inscriptions from Fifty Safaitic Cairns. Near and Middle East Series 9. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
al-Zubaydī, Muḥammad Murtaḍā (d.1205H)(1969); Tāj al-ʿArūs, Mustafā Ḥijāzī, ed. Part 5. Kuwait: Maṭbaʿat Ḥukūt al-Kuwait.
al-Zubaydī, Muḥammad Murtaḍā (d.1205H)(1969); Tāj al-ʿArūs, Husayn Nassar, ed. Part 6. Kuwait: Maṭbaʿat Ḥukūt al-Kuwait.
al-Zubaydi, Muḥammad Murtaḍā (d.1205H)(1973); Tāj al-ʿArūs, Muṣṭafā Ḥijāzī, ed. Part 12. Kuwait: Maṭbaʿat Ḥukūt al-Kuwait.
al-Zubaydī, Muḥammad Murtaḍā (d.1205H)(2000); Tāj al-ʿArūs, Ibrāhīm al-Tarazī, ed. Part 33. Kuwait: Maṭbaʿat Ḥukūt al-Kuwait.
al-Zubaydī, Muḥammad Murtaḍā (d.1205H)(2001); Tāj al-ʿArūs, Muṣṭafā Ḥijāzī, ed. Part 37. Kuwait: Maṭbaʿat Ḥukūt al-Kuwait.
al-Zubaydī, Muḥammad Murtaḍā (d.1205H)(2001); Tāj al-ʿArūs, ʿAbd al-Ṣabūr Šāhin ed., Part 38. Kuwait: Maṭbaʿat Ḥukūt al-Kuwait.
