One Hundred Years of Archaeological Research in Jordan

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54134/jjha.v16i3.662

Keywords:

Archaeology in Jordan, Archaeological Methodology, Prehistory, Jordan.

Abstract

This three-part article presents the history of archaeological research in Jordan, especially in the last one hundred years and concentrating on methodological advances. The first part of the article by Gary Rollefson covers the prehistoric periods, first by presenting the achievements of the pioneers and then by concentrating on research developments in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods from 9,750 to 3,750 BC. The second part of the article by Katharina Schmidt covers the Bronze and Iron Ages and highlights trends in archaeological research over the past one hundred years. The third part of the article by Robert Schick presents archaeological research in the Hellenistic to Islamic Periods, focusing on the contribution of foreign researchers, and presenting developments by decade

Author Biographies

Gary Rollefson, University of Arizona

Emeritus Professor of Anthropology

Katharina Schmidt, Albright Institute of Archaeological Research

Archaeology Department, Department member, Studies Vorderasiatische, Jerusalem

Robert Schick, American Center of Research

American Center of Research, Amman, Jordan.

References

Abou Assaf, A. (1980), Untersuchungen zur ammonitischen Rundbildkunst. Ugarit-Forschungen 12, Pp. 7–102.

Abu-Azizeh, W., Tarawneh, M., Crassard, R., Priego, J. (2021), Discovery and Excavation of Desert Kites in the South-East Badia of Jordan. In A. Betts and W. van Pelt (eds.), The Gazelle’s Dream. Game Drives of the Old and New Worlds: 225–251. Sydney: Sydney University Press.

Al Adarbeh, N., Carter, S., Smith, S., and Abu Aballi, S. (2020), The Story of SCHEP. Amman: American Center of Oriental Research.

Akkermans, P. and Brüning, M. (2020), East of Azraq: settlement, burial and chronology from the Chalcolithic to the Bronze Age and Iron Age in the Jebel Qurma Region, Black Desert, North-east Jordan. In P. Akkermans (ed.), Landscapes of Survival. The Archaeology and Epigraphy of Jordan’s North-Eastern Desert and Beyond: 185–215. Leiden: Sidestone Press.

Akkermans, P., Huigens, H. and Brüning, M. (2014), A Landscape of Preservation: Late Prehistoric Settlement and Sequence in the Jebel Qurma Region, North-Eastern Jordan. Levant 46: 186–205.

Akkermans, M., ed. (2020), Landscapes of Survival. The Archaeology and Epigraphy of Jordan's North-Eastern Desert and Beyond. Leiden: Sidestone Press.

Albright, W. F. (1926), The Jordan Valley in the Bronze Age. Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 6, Pp. 13–74.

Albright, W. F. (1929), New Israelite and Pre-Israelite sites: The spring trip of 1929. American Schools of Oriental Research Newsletter 35, pp. 1–14.

Almagro Gorbea, A. (1983), El Palacio Omeya de Amman I. La Arquitectura. Madrid: Instituto Hispano-Arabe de Cultura.

Amr, K. (1997), Note on al-Baseet, a New Central Settlement in Wadi Musa. In H.-D. Bienert, H.G.K. Gebel and R. Neef (eds.), Central Settlements in Neolithic Jordan: 65–69. Berlin: ex oriente.

Arranz-Otaegui, A., Carretero, L., Ramsey, M., Fuller, D. and Richte,r T. (2018), Archaeobotanical Evidence Reveals the Origins of Bread 14,400 Years Ago in Northeastern Jordan. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115 (31) 7925–7930.

Bachmann, W., Watzinger, C., and Wiegand, T (1921), Petra. Berlin: de Gruyter.

Bagatti, B. (1952), Gli Antichi Edifici Sacri di Betlemme. Jerusalem: Franciscan Printing Press.

Bagatti, B. and Milik, T.J. (1958), Gli scavi del “Dominus Flevit” (Monte Oliveto– Gerusalemme). Jerusalem: Studium Biblicum Franciscanum.

Banning, E. (2011), Changes in Material Culture at Late Neolithic Tabaqat al-Bûma, in Wadi Ziqlab, Northern Jordan. In J. Lovell and Y. Rowan (eds.), Culture, Chronology and the Chalcolithic. Theory and Transition: 36–60. Oxford: Oxbow Books.

Banning, E., Blackham, M. and Lasby, D. (1998), Excavations at WZ 121, a Chalcolithic site at Tubna, in Wadi Ziqlab. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 42: 141–159.

Banning, E., Dods, R., Field, J., Kuijt, I., McCorriston, J., Siggers, J., Ta’ani, H. and Triggs, J. (1992), Tabaqat al-Bûma: 1990 Excavations at a Kebaran and Late Neolithic Site in Wadi Ziqlab. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 36: 43–69.

Banning, E., Gibbs, K. and Kadowaki, S. (2005), Excavations at Late Neolithic al-Basatin in Wadi Ziqlab, Northern Jordan. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 49: 229–243.

Banning, E., Rahimi, D., Siggers, J. and Ta’ani, H. (1996), The 1992 Season of Excavations in Wadi Ziqlab, Jordan. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 40: 29–49.

Banning, E. (2017), Going Over Old Ground: Archaeological Survey in Jordan Then and Now. In: Walking Through Jordan. Essays in Honor of Burton MacDonald, ed. M. Neeley, G. Clark, P. Daviau, Pp. 265–279. Sheffield/Bristol CT: Equinox Publishing.

Barako, TJ. and Lapp, N. eds. (2015), Tell er-Rumeith. The Excavations of Paul W. Lapp, 1962 and 1967, Boston MA: American Schools of Oriental Research.

Barker, G, Gilbertson, D, Mattingly, DJ, eds. (2007), Archaeology and Desertification. The Wadi Faynan Landscape Survey, Southern Jordan. London: Oxbow.

Barnett, RD. (1951), Four Sculptures from Amman. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 1. Pp. 34–36.

Bartl, K. (2017), Mushash 163, Jordanien. Die Grabungskampagnen 2017. e-Forschungsberichte 2: 140–145.

Bartl, K. (2018), Mushash 163: A Site of the 9th Millennium BCE in the Jordanian Badia. Results from the Investigations in 2016 and 2017. Neo-Lithics 18: 24–33.

Bartl, K. and Kafafi, Z. (2016), Es-Sayyeh, Jordanien. e -Forschungsberichte des DAI Faszikel 2, 2016-2-160.

Bartl, K. and Kafafi, Z. (2015), The Neolithic Site of es-Sayyeh near Zarqa. Archaeological Fieldwork 2013-2015. Neo-Lithics 2/15: 20–29.

Bartl, K. and Rokitta-Krumnow, D. (2017), Mushash 163, Jordanien. Die Grabungskampagnen 2015/2016 Die lithischen Kleinfunde. Die Arbeiten der Jahre 2015 und 2016. e -Forschungsberichte des DAI Faszikel 1: 97–104.

Battenfield, JR., Ellis, S., Popkin, PRW., Daviau, PMM. (2016), Excavations at Tall Jawa, Jordan. Volume 5: Survey, Zooarchaeology and Ethnoarchaeology, Leiden, Boston: Brill.

Bennett, C. (1980), Soundings at Dhra‘. Levant 12: 30–40.

Bennett, C-M. and Bienkowski, P., eds. (1995), Excavations at Tawilan in Southern Jordan, Oxford: Published for the British Institute at Amman for Archaeology and History by Oxford University Press.

Betts, A. (1982), A Natufian Site in the Black Desert, Eastern Jordan. Paléorient 8(2): 79–82.

Betts, A. (1987a), The Hunter’s Perspective: 7th Millennium BC Rock Carvings from Eastern Jordan. World Archaeology 19(2): 214–225.

Betts, A. (1987b), Jebel es-Subhi: A Natufian Site in Eastern Jordan. Paléorient 13(2) 101–105.

Betts, A. (1999), The Harra and the Hamad: Excavations and Explorations in Eastern Jordan (Vol. 1). Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.

Betts, A. (2014), The Later Prehistory of the Badia. Excavations and Surveys in Eastern Jordan: Volume 2. Levant Supplementary Series 11. Oxford: Oxbow Books.

Betts, A. and Burke, D. (2015), Desert kites in Jordan–a new appraisal. Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 26(2), 74–94.

Betts, A. and Helms, S. (1986), Rock Art in Eastern Jordan: ‘Kite’ Carvings? Paléorient 12(1): 67–72.

Betts, A. and Helms, S. (1991), Excavations at Jawa 1972-1986. Stratigraphy, pottery, and other finds, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Bienert, H.-D. and Vieweger, D. (2000), Archaeological Excavations at the Late Neolithic Site of ash-Shalaf in Northern Jordan: A Preliminary Report on the 1999 Season. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 44: 109–118.

Bienert, H.-D. and Vieweger, D. (1999), Archaeological Excavations at the Late Neolithic Site of ash-Shalaf: A Preliminary Report on the 1998 Season. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 43: 49–67.

Bienkowski, P. (2002), Busayra, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Bienkowski, P. (2011), Umm al-Biyara. Excavations by Crystal-M. Bennett in Petra 1960-1965, Oxford, Oakville Conn.: Oxbow Books.

Bienkowski, P. and van der Steen, EJ. (2001), Tribes, Trade and towns. A new framework for the late Iron Age in the Levant c. 8000-332 BCE. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 323, Pp. 21–47.

Bienkowski, P., ed. (2009), Studies on iron age Moab and neighbouring areas in honour of Michèle Daviau, Leuven: Peeters.

Biewers, M. (1997), L’habitat traditionnel à ‘Aima. Enquête ethnoarchêologique dans un village jordanien. BAR International Series 662. Oxford: Archaeopress.

Bignasca, A. et al. (1996), Petra. Ez Zantur I. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern.

Bikai, P. and Dailey, T. (1996), Madaba: Cultural Heritage. Amman: American Center of Oriental Research.

Bikai, P., Perry, M. and Kanellopoulos, C. (2020), Petra: The North Ridge. Amman: American Center of Oriental Research.

Blanke, L., Lorien, P. and Rattenborg, R. (2010), Changing Cityscapes in Central Jarasj – Between Late Antiquity and the Abbasid Period. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 54: 311–327.

Bocquentin, F. and Garrard, A. (2016), Natufian collective burial practice and cranial pigmentation: A reconstruction from Azraq 18 (Jordan). Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports: 10: 693–702.

Bonogofsky, M. (2001), Cranial Modeling and Neolithic Bone Modification at ‘Ain Ghazal: New Interpretations. Paléorient 27(2): 141–146.

Bonogofsky, M. (2002), Including Women and Children: Neolithic Modeled Skulls from Jordan, Israel, Syria and Turkey. Near Eastern Archaeology 67(2): 118–119.

Bossut, P., Kafafi, Z. and Dollfus, G. (1988), Khirbet ed-Dharih (Survey Site 49/WHS 524), un nouveau gisement Neolithique avec ceramique du Sud-jordanien. Paléorient 14(1): 127–131.

Bourke, S., Lovell, J., Sparks, R., Seaton P., Mairs L. and Meadows J (2007), A Fourth of Renewed Excavation by the University of Sydney at Tuleilat Ghassul (1999). Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 51: 35–80.

Bourke, S., Lovell, J., Sparks, R., Seaton, P., Mairs, L. and Meadows, J. (2000), A Second and Third Season of Renewed Excavation by the University of Sydney at Tuleilat Ghassul (1995-1997). Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 44: 37–89.

Bourke, S., Seaton, P., Sparks, R., Lovell, J. and Mairs, L. (1995), A First Season of Renewed Excavations by the University of Sydney at Tulaylat Ghassul. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 39: 31–63.

Bourke, S. (1997), Pre-classical Pella in Jordan: A conspectus of ten years’ work (1985-1995). Palestine Exploration Quarterly (129), Pp. 94–115.

Bowersock, G. (1971), A Report on Arabia Provincia. Journal of Roman Studies 61: 219–242.

Bramlet, K., Vencent, M., Ninow, F. (2020), Khirbat al-Balu‘a. Archaeology in Jordan 2, Pp. 119–21.

Brown, R. (1984). Late Islamic Settlement Patterns on the Kerak Plateau, Trans-Jordan. MA Thesis, State University of New York at Binghamton.

Brown, R. (1987), A 12th Century A.D. Sequence from Southern Transjordan: Crusader and Ayyubid Occupation at el-Wu‘eira. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 31: 267–288.

Brown, R. (1988), Summary Report of the 1986 Excavations Late Islamic Shobak. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 32: 225–245.

Brown, R. (1989), Excavations in the 14th Century A.D. Mamluk Palace at Kerak. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 33: 287–304.

Brown, R. (1992), Late Islamic Ceramic Production and Distribution in the Southern Levant: A Social-Economic and Political Interpretation. PhD Dissertation, Binghamton University.

Browning, I. (1973), Petra. London: Chatto & Windus (Revised edition 1982).

Browning, I. (1982), Jerash and the Decapolis. London: Chatto & Windus.

Brünnow, R. and von Domaszewski, A. (1904-1909), Die Provincia Arabia, 3 vols. Strassburg: K. J. Trubner.

Burckhardt, J. (1822), Travels in Syria and the Holy Land. London: John Murray.

Butler, H. (1907-1920), Syria. Publications of the Princeton University Archaeological Expedition to Syria, 1904-1905 and 1909. Leiden: Brill.

Byrd, B. (1989), The Natufian Encampment at Beidha. Late Pleistocene Adaptation in the Southern Levant. Excavations at Beidha 1. Århus: Jutland Archaeological Society Publications 23:1.

Byrd, B. (2005), Early Village Life at Beidha, Jordan. Neolithic Spatial Organization and Vernacular Architecture. The Excavations of Mrs. Diana Kirkbride-Haelbæk. Beidha Excavations No. 2: British Academy Monographs in Archaeology No. 14. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Canova, R. (1954), Iscrizioni e Monumenti Protocristiani del Paese di Moab. Vatican City: Pontificio Instituto di Archeologia Christiana.

Chesson, M., Schaub, T. (2007), Fifa, Khirbat al-Khanazir, and Bab adh-Dhra‘ cemeteries. In: Crossing Jordan. North American Contributions to the Archaeology of Jordan, ed. T. Levy, P. Daviau, R. Younker, M. Shaer, Pp. 253–260. London: Equinox.

Clark, G., Lindly, J., Donaldson, M., Garrard, A., Coinman, N. Fish, S. and Olszewski, D. (1987), Paleolithic Archaeology in the Southern Levant: A Preliminary Report of Excavations at Middle, Upper, and Epipaleolithic Sites in the Wadi al-Hasa, West-Central Jordan. Annual of the Department of Jordan 31:19–78.

Clark, D., ed. (2011), The Madaba Plains Project. Forty Years of Archaeological Research into Jordan’s Past. London: Routledge.

Coinman, N. (2000), The Upper Paleolithic in the Wadi al-Hasa. In N. Coinman (ed.), The Archaeology of the Wadi al-Hasa, West-Central Jordan, Volume 2: Excavations at Middle, Upper, and Epipaleolithic Sites: 143–182. Arizona State University, Anthropological Research Papers No. 52.

Copeland, L. (1991), The Late Acheulean Knapping-floor at C-Spring, Azraq Oasis, Jordan. Levant 23(1): 1–6.

Copeland, L. and Hours, F., eds. (1989), The Hammer on the Rock: Studies in the Early Palaeolithic of Azraq, Jordan, Parts 1 and 2. British Archaeological Reports, International Series 540 (I and II). Oxford: BAR Press.

Corbett, G. (2010), Mapping the mute immortals: A locational and contextual analysis of Thamudic E/Ḥismaic inscriptions and rock drawings from the Wādī Ḥafīr of southern Jordan. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Chicago.

Cordo, V. (1955), Gli scavi di Kh. Siyar el-Ghanam (campo di Pastori) e monasteri die dintorno. Jerusalem: Studium Biblicum Franciscanum.

Cropper, D. (2011), Lithic Technology and Regional Variation in Late Neolithic Jordan. BAR Intl Series 2291. Oxford: Archaeopress.

Croucher, K. (2018), Keeping the Dead Close: Grief and Bereavement in the Treatment of Skulls from the Neolithic Middle East. Mortality. 23(2): 103–120.

Crowell, BL. (2021), Edom at the Edge of Empire. A Social and Political History. Society of Biblical Literature.

Crowfoot, J. (1941), Early Churches in Palestine. London: British Academy.

Dalman, G. (1908), Petra und seine Felsheiligtümer. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrich’s.

Dalman, G. (1912), Neue Petra-Forschungen und der Heilige Felsen von Jerusalem. Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs’.

Daviau, P. (1997), Moab´s northern border: Khirbat al-Mudayna on the Wadi ath-Thamad. Biblical Archaeologist 60, pp. 222–28.

Daviau, P. (2003), Excavations at Tall Jawa, Jordan. Volume 1 The Iron Age Town, Leiden: Brill.

Daviau, P. (2020), Excavations at Tall Jawa, Jordan. Volume 3: The Iron Age Pottery, Leiden, Boston: Brill.

Daviau, P. and Dion, R-E. (2007), Independent and Well-Connected. The Ammonite territorial kingdom in the Iron Age II. In: Crossing Jordan. North American Contributions to the Archaeology of Jordan, ed. TE Levy, PMM Daviau, RW Younker, M Shaer, Pp. 301–307. London: Equinox.

De Vaux, R. (1961), L’Archéologie et les manuscrits de la Mer Morte. London: Oxford University Press.

De Vries, B. (1998), Umm el-Jimal. A Frontier Town and Its Landscape in Northern Jordan. Volume 1. Fieldwork 1972-1981. Portsmouth: Journal of Roman Archaeology.

Dever, W. (1993), Syro-Palestinian Archaeology "Comes of Age": The Inaugural Zirā'a volume of the Hesbon Series. A Review Article. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (290–291), Pp. 127–30.

Dollfus, G. and Kafafi, Z. (1988), Abu Hamid, village du IVe millénaire de la Vallée du Jourdain. Amman: Economic Press.

Dollfus, G. and Kafafi Z. (1993), Recent Researches at Abu Hamid. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 37: 241–262.

Dornemann, R. (1983), The Archaeology of the Jordan in the Bronze and Iron Ages, Milwaukee, Wis.: Milwaukee Public Museum.

Doughty, C. (1888), Travels in Arabia Deserta, Volume 1. New York: Dover Publications (1979).

Douglas, K. (2007), Die Befestigung der Unterstadt von Ḫirbet ez-Zeraqōn im Rahmen der frühbronzezeitlichen Fortifikationen in Palästina, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.

Edwards P., ed. (2013a) Wadi Hammeh 27, an Early Natufian Settlement at Pella in Jordan. Leiden: Brill.

Edwards, P. (2013b), Architecture and Settlement Plan. In P. Edwards (ed.), Wadi Hammeh 27, an Early Natufian Settlement at Pella in Jordan: 65–94. London: Brill.

Edwards P. (2013c), Artifact Discard Patterns and Activity Areas. In P. Edwards (ed.), Wadi Hammeh 27, an Early Natufian Settlement at Pella in Jordan: 95–120. London: Brill.

Edwards, P. and House, E. (2007), The Third Season of Investigations at the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A Site of Zahrat adh-Dhra‘ 2 on the Dead Sea Plain, Jordan. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 347: 1–19.

Edwards, P., Major, J., McNamara, K. and Robertson, R. (2019), The Natural Inspiration for Natufian Art: Cases from Wadi Hammeh 27, Jordan. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 29(4): 607–624.

Edwards, P., Meadows, J., Sayej, G. and Metzger, M. (2002), Zahrat Adh-Dhraʿ 2: A New Pre-Pottery Neolithic A Site on the Dead Sea Plain in Jordan. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 327(1): 1–15.

Emery-Barbier, A. (2014), Establishing the environment, Seasonality, and Economy from Plant Micro-Remains: Pollen and Starch. In D. Henry and J. Beaver (eds.), The Sands of Time. The Desert Neolithic Settlement at Ayn Abu Nukhayla: 105–119. biblioteca neolithica Asiae meridionalis et occidentalis. Berlin: ex oriente.

Falconer, SE., Fall, PL., Jones, JE. (2007), Life at the foundation of Bronze Age civilisation: Agrarian villages in the Jordan valley. In: Crossing Jordan. North American Contributions to the Archaeology of Jordan, ed. TE Levy, PMM Daviau, RW Younker, M Shaer, Pp. 261–268. London: Equinox.

Faràs, S., ed. (2013), Des deserts et des hommes: Wādi Ramm (Jordanie). Histoire économique, religieuse, sociale et environnementale. Actes du colloque international à Wādī Ramm, les 11, 12 et 13 novembre 2011. Paris: De Boccard.

Farés, S. (2013), Résultats Préliminaires des Prospections et des Fouilles Archéologiques à Wadi Ramm. In S. Farés (ed.), Des Déserts et des Hommes: Wadi Ramm (Jordanie): 11–78. Nancy: A.D.R.A.

Field, H. (1960), North Arabian Desert Archaeological Survey, 1925-50. Cambridge: Peabody Museum.

Fiema, Z. and Frösén, J (2008), Petra – The Mountain of Aaron. The Finnish Archaeological Project in Jordan. Volume I The Church and Chapel. Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica.

Fiema, Z., Kanellopoulos, C., Waliszewski, T and Schick, R. (2001), The Petra Church. Amman: American Center of Oriental Research.

Fiema, Z., Frösén, J and Holappa, M (2016), Petra – The Mountain of Aaron II. The Nabataean Sanctuary and the Byzantine Monastery. Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica.

Findlater, G. (1995), Dana Archaeological Survey Phase 1 Report, Jordan. Edinburgh: Centre for Field Archaeology.

Findlater, G. (2003), Imperial Control in Roman and Byzantine Arabia. A Landscape Interpretation of Archaeological Evidence in Southern Jordan. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Edinburgh.

Finlayson. B., Kuijt. I., Arpi,. T., Chesson, M., Dennis, S., Goodale, N., Kadowaki, S., Maher, L., Smith, S., Schurr, M. and McKay, J. (2003), Dhra‘ Excavation Project, 2002 Interim Report. Levant 35(1): 1–38.

Finlayson, B., Mithen, S., Najjar, M., Smith, S., Maričević, D., Pankhurst, N. and Yeomans, L. (2011), Architecture, Sedentism, and Social Complexity at Pre-Pottery Neolithic A WF16, Southern Jordan. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 108(20): 8183–8188.

Fino, N. (1997), Evidence of Settlement Organization at ‘Ain Jammam. In H.-D. Bienert, H.G.K. Gebel and R. Neef (eds.), Central Settlements in Neolithic Jordan: 105–111. Berlin: ex oriente.

Fischer, PM. (2006a), Tell Abu Al-Kharaz in the Jordan Valley. Volume II: The Middle and the Late Bronze Ages, Vienna: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.

Fischer, PM. (2006b), The Chronology of the Jordan Valley during the Middle and Bronze Ages: Pella, Tell Abu al-Kharaz, and Tell Deir ‘Alla, Vienna: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.

Fischer, PM. (2014), Tell Abu Al-Kharaz in the Jordan Valley. Volume III: the Iron Age, Vienna: Verlag der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.

Franken, HJ. (1969), Excavations at Tell Deir ʻAllā, Leiden: E. J. Brill.

Franken, HJ. (1992), Excavations at Tell Deir ʻAlla. The Late Bronze Age Sanctuary, Louvain: Peeters.

Freeman, P., Bennett, J., Fiema, Z. and Hoffmann, B., eds. (2002), Limes XVIII. Proceedings of the XVIIIth International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies held in Amman, Jordan (September 2000). Oxford: BAR.

Frösén, J., Arjava, A. and Lehtinen, M. (2002), The Petra Papyri I. Amman: American Center of Oriental Research.

Fujii, S. (2007), Wadi Abu Tulayha and Wadi Ruweishid ash-Sharqi: An Investigation of PPNB Barrage Systems in the Jafr Basin. Neo-lithics 2/7: 6–17.

Fujii, S. (2013), Chronology of the Jafr Prehistory and Protohistory: A Key to the Process of Pastoral Nomadization in the Southern Levant. Syria 90: 49–125.

Fujii, S., Adachi, T. and Nagaya, K. (2019), Harrat Juhayra 202: An Early PPNB Flint Assemblage in the Jafr Basin, Southern Jordan. In L. Astruc, C. McCartney, F. Briois and V. Kassianidou (eds.), Near Eastern Lithics on the Move: Interactions and Contexts in Neolithic Traditions: 185–198. Uppsala: Astrom Editions.

Fuller, M. (1987), Abila of the Decapolis: A Roman-Byzantine City in Transjordan. Ph.D. Thesis Washington University.

Garrard, A. and Byrd, B. (1992), New Dimensions to the Epipalaeolithic of the Wadi el-Jilat in Central Jordan. Paléorient 18/1: 47–62.

Garrard, A. and Byrd, B. (2013), Beyond the Fertile Crescent: Late Palaeolithic and Neolithic Communities of the Jordanian Steppe. The Azraq Basin Project Volume 1: Project Background and the Late Palaeolithic (Geological Context and Technology) Vol. 13. Oxford: Oxbow books.

Garrard, A. and Stanley Price, N. (1975), A Survey of Prehistoric Sites in the (Azraq Desert National Park), in Eastern Jordan. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 20: 83–90).

Garrard, A., Baird, D., Colledge, S., Martin, L. and Wright, K. (1994), Prehistoric Environment and Settlement in the Azraq Basin: An Interim Report on the 1987 and 1988 Excavation Seasons. Levant 26: 73–108.

Garrod, D. (1960), Chapter VIII. The Flint Implements. In H. Field, North Arabian Desert Archaeological Survey: 1925-50: 111–124. Cambridge: Peabody Museum.

Gebel, H.G.K. and Muheisen, M. (1985), Note on ‘Ain Rahub, a New Late Natufian Site near Irbid, Jordan. Paléorient: 107–110.

Gebel, H.G.K. (2012), Qulban Beni Murra. Unknown Mid-Holocene Sepulchral Green Desert Landscapes, Pastoral Well Cultures, and the Origins of Arabia’s Oasis Economies, in F. Klimscha, R. Eichmann, C. Schuler and H. Fahlbusch (eds.), Wasserwirtschaftliche Innovationen im archäologischen Kontext. Von den prähistorischen Anfängen bis zu den Metropolen der Antike, Menschen, Kulturen, Traditionen 5:101–122. Leidorf: Rahden.

Gebel, H.G.K. and Bienert, H.-D. (1997), Ba’ja Hidden in the Mountains. Preliminary Report on the 1997 Excavations. In H.G.K. Gebel, Z. Kafafi and G. Rollefson (eds.), The Prehistory of Jordan II. Perspectives from 1997: 221–262.

Gebel, H.G.K., Benz, M., Purschwitz, C., Bader, M., Dermech, S., Graf, J., Gresky, J., Hájek, F., Miškolciová, L., al-Khasawneh, S., Khrisat, B., Kubíková, B., Renger, M., al-Sababha, H. and al-Shoubaki, S. (2020), Household and Death, 3: Preliminary Results of the 13th Season (Spring 2019) at Late PPNB Ba‘ja, Southern Jordan (Interim Report). Neo-Lithics Special Issue, ex oriente.

Gebel, H.G.K., Nissen, H. and Zaid, Z., eds. (2006), Basta II. The Architecture and Stratigraphy. biblioteca neolithica Asiae meridionalis et occidentalis. Berlin: ex oriente.

Genz, H. (2002), Die frühbronzezeitliche Keramik von Ḫirbet ez-Zeraqōn, Tübingen, University, Diss., 1998, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden.

Geraty, L, and Herr, L. (1986), The Archaeology of Jordan and Other Studies Presented to Siegfried H. Horn. Berrien Springs: Andrews University Press.

Geraty, L. (2011), The Madaba Plains Project. A personal 40-year retrosperspective 1967–2007. In: The Madaba Plains Project. Forty years of archaeological research into Jordan’s past, D. Clark, ed., Pp. 3–8. London: Routledge.

Geraty, L. and Willis, LA. (1986), Archaeological Research in Jordan. In: The Archaeology of Jordan and Other Studies. Presented to Siegfried H. Horn, ed. LT Geraty, LG Herr, Pp. 3–72. Berrien Springs Mich.: Andrews University Press.

Glueck, N. (1934), Explorations in Eastern Palestine, I. Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 14: 1–113. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Glueck, N. (1935), Explorations in Eastern Palestine, II. Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 15. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Glueck, N. (1937-1939), Explorations in Eastern Palestine, III. Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 18–19. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Glueck, N. (1951), Explorations in Eastern Palestine IV, Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 25–28. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Glueck, N. (1970), The Other Side of the Jordan, Cambridge, Mass.: American Schools of Oriental Research.

Gopher, A. (1997), Horvat Galil—An Early PPNB site in the Upper Galilee, Israel. Tel Aviv 24(2): 183–222.

Gustavson-Gaube, C. (1986), Tell esh-Shuna North 1985: A Preliminary Report. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 30: 69–115.

Hamarneh, B. (2003), Topografia cristiana ed insediamenti rurali nel territorio dell’odierna Giordania nelle epoche bizantina ed islamica V-IX sec. Vatican City: Pontificio Istitute di Archeologica christiana.

Hamarneh, B. (2006), Relazione dello scavo del complesso ecclesiale di Nitl. Stratigrafia e ceramica. Liber Annuus 56: 399–458.

Hammond, P. (1965), The Excavations of the Main Theater at Petra, 1961-1962: Final Report. London: Bernard Quaritch.

Hammond, P. (1970), The Crusader Fort on el-Habis at Petra. Its Survey and Interpretation. Salt Lake City: Middle East Center.

Hammond, P. (1996). The Temple of the Winged Lions, Petra, Jordan, 1973-1990. Mountain Hills, AZ: Petra Publishing.

Harding, G. (1953), The Cairn of Hani. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 2: 8–56.

Harding, G. (1959), The Antiquities of Jordan. London: Lutterworth.

Harding, G. (1967), The Antiquities of Jordan. Revised edition. New York: Praeger.

Harding, G. (1945), Two Iron Age Tombs from Amman. The Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities in Palestine 11, Pp. 67–74.

Harding, G. (1948), An Iron Age Tomb at Sahab. The Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities in Palestine (13), Pp. 92–103.

Harding, G. (1953), The Tomb of Adoni Nur in Amman. Palestine Exploration Fund Annual 6, Pp. 48–72.

Haron, J., Lash, A., al-Bataineh, A., and al-Adarbeh, N. (2021), Bayt Rās Tomb Project Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 60: 729–741.

Harrison, TP., Foran, D., Graham, A. (2007), Investigating 5000 years of urban history. In: Crossing Jordan. North American Contributions to the Archaeology of Jordan, ed. TE Levy, PMM Daviau, RW Younker, M Shaer, Pp. 143–152. London: Equinox.

Hauptmann, A. ed. (2007), The Archaeometallurgy of Copper. Evidence from Faynan, Jordan, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Helms S. and Betts A. (1987), The Desert “Kites” of the Badiyat Esh-Sham and North Arabia. Paléorient 13/1: 41–67.

Helms, S. (1981), Jawa. Lost City of the Black Desert, London: Methuen.

Hennessey, B. (1969), Preliminary report on a first season of excavations at Teleilat Ghassul. Levant 1(1): 1–24.

Henry, D. and Beaver, J. (2014), The Sands of Time. The Desert Neolithic Settlement at Ayn Abu Nukhayla. biblioteca neolithica Asiae meridionalis et occidentalis. Berlin: ex oriente.

Henry, D. (1998), Introduction. In D. Henry (ed.), The Prehistoric Archaeology of Jordan: 1–4. British Archaeological Reports International Series 705. Oxford: Archaeopress.

Henry, D., Turnbull, P., Emery-Barbier, A. and Leroi-Gourhan, A. (1985) Archaeological and Faunal Evidence from Natufian and Timnian sites in Southern Jordan, with Notes on Pollen Evidence. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 257: 45–64.

Herr, L., Clark, D., Geraty, L., eds. (2020), Madaba Plains Project. The 2004 Season at Tall al-ʻUmayri and Subsequent Studies, University Park Pennsylvania: Eisenbrauns.

Herr, L., Clark, D., Geraty, L., Vincent, M., eds. (2022), The 2006 Season at Tall al-ʻUmayri and Subsequent Studies, University Park Pennsylvania: Eisenbrauns.

Hidalgo-Chacón, D., del Carmen, M., Al-Manser, A., and Macdonald, M. (2017), The Online Corpus of the Inscriptions of Ancient North Arabia (OCIANA) – The OCIANA Corpus of Hismaic inscriptions Preliminary Edition. Oxford: Khalili Research Centre.

Homès-Fredericq, D., ed. (1997), Découvrez Lehun et la Voie Royale. Les fouilles belges en Jordanie, Bruxelles: Com Belge de Fouilles en Jordanie.

Hoppé, C. (1999). A Thousand Years of Farming: Agricultural Practices from the Byzantine to Early Ottoman Period at Khirbet Faris, the Kerak Plateau, Jordan. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Sheffield.

Horsfield, G. and Conway, A. (1930), Historical and Geographical Notes on Edom: With an Account of the First Excavations at Petra. The Geographical Journal 76.5: 369–390.

Horsfield, G. and Horsfield, A (1938-1941), Sela-Petra, the Rock, of Edom and Nabatene. Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities of Palestine 7: 1–42; 8: 87–115; 9: 105–204.

Humbert, J-B. and Zayadine, F. (1992), Trois campagnes de fouilles a Amman (1988-1991) Troisieme terrasse de la citadelle (mission franco-jordanienne). Revue Biblique (99), Pp. 214–60.

Humbert, J.-B. and Desreumaux, A. (1998), Khirbet es-Samra 1 Jordanie. Turnhout: Brepols.

Ibáñez, J.J., Muñiz, J., Iriarte, E., Monik, M., Santana, J., Teira, L., Corrada, M., Lagüera, M., Lendakova, Z., Regalado, E. and Rosillo, R. (2015), Kharaysin: A PPNA and PPNB Site by the Zarqa River: 2014 and 2015 Field Seasons. Neo-Lithics 2/15: 11–19.

Ibrahim, M. (2016), Sahab, Chalcolithic Farming Community at Sahab, Volume 1. Amman: Department of Antiquities of Jordan.

Ibrahim, M., ed. (2000), Deutsch-jordanische Ausgrabungen in Ḫirbet ez-Zeraqōn 1984 – 1994, Endberichte. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.

Jaussen, A. (1908), Coutumes des Arabes au pays de Moab. Paris: Librairie Victor Lecoffre.

Ji, C-H. (2012), The Early Iron Age II Temple at Hirbet ‘Ataruz and Its Architecture and Selected Objects. In: Temple Building and Temple Cult. Architecture and Cultic Paraphernalia of Temples in the Levant (2.-1. Mill. B.C.E.); Proceedings of a Conference on the Occasion of the 50th Anniversary of the Institute of Biblical Archaeology at the University of Tübingen (28 – 30 May 2010), ed. J. Kamlah, Pp. 203–221. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.

Ji, C-H. (2018), A Moabite Sanctuary at Khirbat Ataruz, Jordan: Stratigraphy, Findings, and Archaeological Implications. Levant (50.2), Pp. 173–210.

Ji, C-H., Lee, J. (2000), A Preliminary Report on the Dhībān Plateau Survey Project, 1999: The Versacare Expedition. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 44, Pp. 493–506.

Johns, C. N. (1932), Medieval ‘Ajlûn. I. The Castle (Qal‘at al-Rabaḍ). Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities of Palestine 1: 21–33.

Jones, M. (2012), Using Gazelle Dental Cementum Studies to Explore Seasonality and Mobility Patterns of the Early-Middle Epipalaeolithic Azraq Basin, Jordan. Quaternary International 252: 195–201.

Joukowsky, M. (1998), Petra Great Temple. Volume I: Brown University Excavations 1993-1997. Providence: Martha Sharp Joukowsky.

Joukowsky, M. (2007), Petra Great Temple. Volume II: Archaeological Contexts of the Remains and Excavations. Providence: Brown University Petra Exploration Fund.

Joukowsky, M. (2017), Petra Great Temple. Volume III: Brown University Excavations 1993–2008. Architecture and Material Culture. Oxford: Oxbow.

Kafafi, Z. and Vieweger, D. (2000), Geoelectric and Archaeological Work at Sāl, Jordan. A Preliminary Report on the 1999 Season at the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Site. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 44: 173–191.

Kafafi, Z. (1987), The Pottery Neolithic in Jordan in Connection with Other Near Eastern Regions. Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan 3: 33–39.

Kafafi, Z. (1990), Early Pottery Context from ‘Ain Ghazal, Jordan. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 280: 15–30.

Kafafi, Z. (1992), Pottery Neolithic Settlement Patterns in Jordan. Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan 4:115–122.

Kafafi, Z. (1993), The Yarmoukians of Jordan. Paléorient 19/1: 101–114.

Kafafi, Z. (2001), Jebel Abu-Thawwab (er-Rumman), Central Jordan. The Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age I Occupations. biblioteca neolithica Asiae meridionalis et occidentalis. Berlin: ex oriente.

Kafafi, Z. (2013), Standing Stones of the Neolithic Village of ‘Ain Ghazal. In D. Schmandt-Bessarat (ed,), Symbols at ‘Ain Ghazal. ‘Ain Ghazal Excavation Reports, Vol. III: 353–358. Berlin: ex oriente.

Kamlah, J. (2000), Der Zeraqon-Survey: 1989 – 1994; mit Beiträgen zur Methodik und geschichtlichen Auswertung archäologischer Oberflächenuntersuchungen in Palästina (2000) = Abhandlungen des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins 27,1.

Kanellopoulos, C. (1994), The Great Temple of Amman. The Architecture. Amman: American Center of Oriental Research.

Kelso, J. and Baramki, D. (1955), Excavations at New Testament Jericho and Khirbet en-Nitla. Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 29–30. New Haven: American Schools of Oriental Research.

Kempe, S. and Malabeh, A. (2010), Kites and other Archaeological Structures along the Eastern Rim of the Harrat (Lava Plain) of Jordan, Signs of Intensive Usage in Prehistoric Time, a Google Earth Images Study. Proceedings of the 14th International Symposium on Vulcanospeleogy: 199–215.

Kenkel, F. and Hoss, S. (2020), Hellenistic to Umayyad Period (Strata 8–3). Ceramic, Glass and Metal Finds. Tall Zirā'a. The Gadara Region Project (2001-2011): Final Report 6. Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlagshaus.

Kennedy, D. (1997), Aerial Archaeology in Jordan: Air Photography and the Jordanian Southern Hawran. Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan 6, Pp. 77–95.

Kennedy, D. (2000), The Roman Army in Jordan. London: Council for British Research in the Levant. 2nd edition 2004.

Kennedy, D. (2001), History in Depth: Surface Survey and Aerial Archaeology. Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan 7, Pp. 39–48.

Kennedy, D. (2011), The “Works of the Old Men” in Arabia: Remote Sensing in Interior Arabia. Journal of Archaeological Science 38: 3185–3203.

Kennedy, D. and Bewley, R. (2001), Monitoring the Past: The Role of Aerial Survey in a Rapidly Changing Landscape. Pp. 69–76 in A. Walmsley, ed., Australians Uncovering Ancient Jordan. Fifty Years of Middle Eastern Archaeology. Sydney: University of Sydney.

Kennedy, D. and Bewley, R. (2004), Ancient Jordan from the Air. London: Oxbow.

Kennedy, W. (2021), Terra Petraea. The Archaeological Landscape of the Petraean Hinterland from the Hellenistic to the Byzantine Period. Berlin: Logos Verlag.

Kenyon, K. (1979), Archaeology of the Holy Land (4th ed.). London: Benn.

Kerner, S. (2019), New Research into the Early and Middle Bronze Age in Central Jordan: Murayghat. Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies 2 (7), Pp. 165–86.

Kerner, S. (2021), Dolmen Burials and the Development of the Early Bronze Age. In: Transitions, Urbanism, and Collapse in the Bronze Age. Essays in Honor of Suzanne Richard, ed. JC Long, WG Dever, Pp. 127–140. Bristol CT: Equinox Publishing.

Khalaily, H., Bar-Yosef, O., Barzilai, O., Boaretto, E., Bocquentin, F., Eirikh-Rose, A., Greenhut, Z., Goring-Morris, A., Le Dosseur, G., Marder, O., Sapir-Hen, L. and Yizaq, M. (2007), Excavations at Motza in the Judean Hills and the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B in the Southern Levant. Paléorient 33(2): 5–37.

Khalil, L. (2013), Evidence of Copper Metallurgical Activities at Tall Hujayrat al-Ghuzlān, ‘Aqaba During the Chalcolithic period. Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan 11: 529–533.

Khalil, L. and Eichmann, R. (2003), Archaeological Survey and Excavations at the Wadi al-Yutum and al-Magass Area-al ’Aqaba (ASEYM): A Preliminary Report on the Third and Fourth Seasons of Excavations at Tall Hujayrat al-Ghuzlan in 2002 and 2003 Wadi al-Yutum. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 47: 159–182.

Khalil, L. and Schmidt, K. (2011), Archaeological Survey and Excavations at Wādī al-Yutum and the al-Magass Area, ‘Aqaba, (ASEYM): A Preliminary Report on the Excavations at Tall Ḥujayrat al-Ghuzlān in 2008 and 2010. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 55: 421–429.

al Khasawneh, S., Murray, A., Gebel, H.G.K. and Dominik Bonatz, D. (2016), First Application of OSL Dating to a Chalcolithic Well Structure in Qulban Bani Murra, Jordan. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 16 (3): 127–134.

al Khasawneh, S., Murray, A., Thomsen, K., Abu-Azizeh, W. and Tarawneh, M. (2018), Dating a Near Eastern Desert Hunting Trap (Kite) Using Rock Surface Luminescence Dating. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-018-0661-3

King, PJ. (1983), American Archaeology in the Mideast. A History of the American Schools of Oriental Research, Philadelphia: The American Schools of Oriental Research.

Kinzel, M. (2013), Am Beginn des Hausbaus. Studies zur PPNB-Architektur von Shkārat Msaied und Ba’ja in der Petra-Region, Südjordanien. Berlin: ex oriente e.V

Kinzel, M. (2019), Special Buildings at PPNB Shkārat Msaied. In S. Nakamura, T. Adachi and M. Abe (eds.), Decades in Deserts: Essays on Western Asian Archaeology in Honor of Sumio Fujii: 79–94. Tokyo: Rokuichi Syobou.

Kinzel, M., Jørkov, M.L., Stråhlén, R., Thuesen, M.B. and Thuesen, I. (2017), Shkārat Msaied 2016: New Results from Unit F. Neo-Lithics 1/17: 13–17.

Kirkbride, A. and Harding, G. (1947), Hasma. Palestine Exploration Quarterly 79: 7–26.

Kirkbride, D. (1960a), ‘Ain Abu Nukheileh. Revue Biblique 67: 230–238.

Kirkbride, D. (1960b), The Excavation of a Neolithic Village in the Seyl Aqlat, Beidha, near Petra. Interim Report. Palestine Exploration Quarterly 136–145.

Kirkbride, D. (1966), Beidha. An Early Neolithic Village in Jordan. Archaeology 19(3): 199–207.

Kirkbride, D. (1966), Five Seasons at the Pre-Pottery Neolithic Village of Beidha. A Summary. Palestine Exploration Quarterly 8–72.

Kirkbride, D. (1967), Beidha 1967: An Interim Report. Palestine Exploration Quarterly 5–14.

Kirkbride, D. (1968a), Early Neolithic Village Life South of the Dead Sea. Antiquity 42: 263–272.

Kirkbride, D. (1968b), Beidha 1967: An Interim Report. Palestine Exploration Quarterly 90–96.

Kirkbride, D. (1969a), Ancient Arabian Ancestor Idols. Part I: The Discovery of the Sanctuary at Risqeh. Archaeology 22(2): 116–121.

Kirkbride, D. (1969b), Ancient Arabian Ancestor Idols: Part II: The Interpretation of the Sanctuary at Risqeh. Archaeology 22(3): 188-195.

Kirkbride, D. (1978), The Neolithic in Wadi Rumm: ‘Ain Abu Nekheileh. In R. Moorey and P. Parr (eds.), Archaeology in the Levant: Essays for Kathleen Kenyon: 1–10. Warminster: Aris and Phillips.

Kirkbride, D. (1984), The Environment of the Petra Region During the Pre-Pottery Neolithic. Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan 2: 117–124.

Kirkbride, D. (1989), A Description of Stone Age Sites at Azraq, Jordan. In L. Copeland and F. Hours (eds.), The Hammer on the Rock. Studies in the Early Palaeolithic of Azraq, Jordan: 153–169. British Archaeological Reports International Series 540 (I and ii). Oxford: BAR.

Knapp, AB. (1993), Society and Polity at Bronze Age Pella. An Annales Perspective, Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press.

Koenen, L., Kaimio, J., Kaimio, M. and Daniel, R. (2013) The Petra Papyri II. Amman: American Center of Oriental Research.

Kouki, P. and Lavento, M. (2013), Petra – The Mountain of Aaron. The Finnish Archaeological Project in Jordan. Volume III. The Archaeological Survey. Helsinki: Societas Scientiarum Fennica.

Koutsoukou, A., Russell, K., Najjar, M., Momani, A. (1997) The Great Temple of Amman: The Excavations. Amman: American Center of Oriental Research.

Kraeling, C. (1938), Gerasa. City of the Decapolis. New Haven: American Schools of Oriental Research.

Kuijt, I. and Finlayson, B. (2009), Evidence for Food Storage and Predomestication Granaries 11,000 Years Ago in the Jordan Valley. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106(27): 10966–10970.

Kuijt, I. and Mahasneh, H. (1998), Dhra‘: An Early Neolithic Village in the Southern Jordan Valley. Journal of Field Archaeology 25(2): 153–161.

La Bianca, O. (2011), Palimpsest of Great and Little Traditions. In: The Madaba Plains Project. Forty Years of Archaeological Research into Jordan's Past, ed. D. Clark, Pp. 9–27. London: Routledge.

Lapp, N. (1983), The Excavations at Araq el-Emir, vol. 1. Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 47–48. Eisenbrauns: Winona Lake.

Lapp, N. (2007), The History of North American Archaeological Research in Jordan. In: Crossing Jordan. North American Contributions to the Archaeology of Jordan, ed. T. Levy, P. Daviau, R. Younker, M. Shaer, Pp. 15–16. London: Equinox.

Levy, T., Daviau, P., Younker, R., Shaer, M., eds. (2007), Crossing Jordan. North American Contributions to the Archaeology of Jordan. London: Equinox.

Levy, TE., Najjar, M., Ben-Yosef, E. (2014), New Insights into the Iron Age Archaeology of Edom, Southern Jordan, Los Angeles, Calif.: The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press.

Lichtenberger, A. and Raja, R. eds. (2018), The Archaeology and History of Jerash. 110 Years of Excavations. Turnhout: Brepols.

Lindner, M., ed. (1980), Petra und das Konigreich der Nabatäer. 3rd expanded and improved edition. Munich: Delp.

Lindner, M., ed. (1986), Petra. Neue Ausgrabungen und Entdeckungen. Munich: Delp.

Lindner, M., ed. (2003), Über Petra hinaus. Archäologische Erkundungen im südlichen Jordanien. Rahden: Leidorf.

Long, JC. and Dever, WG. eds. (2021), Transitions, Urbanism, and Collapse in the Bronze Age. Essays in Honor of Suzanne Richard, Bristol CT: Equinox.

Lovell, L., Dollfus, G. and Kafafi, Z. (2007), The Ceramics of the Late Neolithic and Chalcolithic: Abu Hamid and the Burnished Tradition. Paléorient 33.1: 51–76.

Lynch, W. F. (1849), Narrative of the United States’ Expedition to the River Jordan and the Dead Sea. Philadelphia: Lea and Blanchard.

Lynch, W. F. (1852), Official Report of the United States’ Expedition to Explore the Dead Sea and the River Jordan. Baltimore: John Murphy.

MacDonald, B. (1988). The Wadi el Ḥasā Archaeological Survey 1979-1983, West-Central Jordan. Waterloo, Ontario: Wilfred Laurier University.

MacDonald, B. (1992), The Southern Ghors and Northeast ‘Arabah Archaeological Survey. Sheffield: University of Sheffield.

MacDonald, B. (1999), Ammonite Territory and Sites. In: Ancient Ammon, ed. MacDonald, Burton, Younker, Randall., Pp. 30–56. Leiden/Boston/Köln: Brill.

MacDonald, B. (2007a), Four Archaeological Surveys in Southern Jordan. In: Crossing Jordan. North American Contributions to the Archaeology of Jordan, ed. T. Levy, P. Daviau, R. Younker, M. Shaer, Pp. 161–167. London: Equinox.

MacDonald, B. (2007b), Archaeological Site Surveying in Jordan: The North American Contribution. In: Crossing Jordan. North AmericanCcontributions to the Archaeology of Jordan, ed. T. Levy, P. Daviau, R. Younker, M. Shaer, Pp. 27–35. London: Equinox.

MacDonald, B. (2015), The Southern Jordan Edomite Plateau and the Dead Sea Rift Valley. The Bronze Age to the Islamic Period (3800/3700 BC-AD 1917), Oxford, Philadelphia: Oxbow Books.

MacDonald, B. and Younker, R., eds. (1999), Ancient Ammon, Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill.

MacDonald, B., Herr, L., Neeley, M., Gagos, T., Moumani, K., and Rockman, M. (2004), The Tafila-Busayra Archaeological Survey 1999-2001, West-Central Jordan. Boston: American Schools of Oriental Research.

MacDonald, B., Herr, L., Quaintance, S., Clark, G., and MacDonald, M. (2012), The Ayl to Ras an-Naqab Archaeological Survey, Southern Jordan (2005-2007). 2 vols. Boston: American Schools of Oriental Research.

MacDonald, B., Clark, G., Herr, L., Quaintance, S., Hayajneh, H., and Eggler, J. (2016), The Shammakh to Ayl Archaeological Survey, Southern Jordan (2010-2012). Boston: American Schools of Oriental Research.

Mackenzie, D. (1913), Dibon: The City of King Mesa and of the Moabite Stone. Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement (45.2), Pp. 57–79.

MacNicoll, A., Edwards, P., Hanbury-Tenison, JW. (1992), Pella in Jordan 2. The Second Interim Report of the Joint University of Sydney and College of Wooster Excavations at Pella 1982–1985, Sydney: Mediterranean Archaeology.

Mahasneh, H. (1997), Spatial and Functional Features of Area B in Neolithic es-Sifiya. In H.-D. Bienert, H.G.K. Gebel and R. Neef (eds.), Central Settlements in Neolithic Jordan: 45–63. Berlin: ex oriente.

Maher, L. (2019), Persistent Place-Making in Prehistory: The Creation, Maintenance, and Transformation of an Epipalaeolithic Landscape. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 26(3): 998–1083.

Maher, L., Macdonald, D., Pomeroy, E. and Stock, J. (2021), Life, Death, and the Destruction of Architecture: Hunter-gatherer Mortuary Behaviors in Prehistoric Jordan. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 61: 1–14.

Maher, L., Richter, T., Macdonald, D., Jones, M., Martin, L. and Stock, J. (2012), Twenty Thousand-Year-Old Huts at a Hunter-gatherer Settlement in Eastern Jordan. PloS One 7(2): e31447.

Makarewicz, C. and Rose, K. (2011), Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic Settlement at el-Hemmeh: A Survey of the Architecture. Neo-lithics 1/11: 24-3-29.

Makarewicz, C., and Finlayson, B. (2018) Constructing Community in the Neolithic of Southern Jordan: Quotidian Practice in Communal Architecture. PloS One, 13(6), e0193712.

Makarewicz, C., Goodale, N., Rassmann, P., White, C., Miller, H., Haroun, J., Carlson, E., Pantos, A., Kroot, M., Kadowaki, S., Casson, A., Williams, J., Austin, A. and Fabre, B. (2006), El-Hemmeh: A Multi-period Pre-Pottery Neolithic Site in the Wadi el-Hasa, Jordan. Eurasian Prehistory 4:183–220.

Makowski, P. (2020), Life Among the Ruins: an Archaeological Assessment of Khirbat edh-Dharih and the Southern Transjordan During the 10th-12th Centuries. PhD dissertation, University of Warsaw.

Mallon, A., Koeppel, R. and Neuville, R. (1934), Teleilat Ghassul I. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute.

Mallon, A., Koeppel, R. and Neuville, R. (1940), Teleilat Ghassul II. Rome: Pontifical Biblical Institute.

Mattingly, G., Lawlor, J., Wineland, J., Pace, J., Bogaard, A., Charles, M., (1999), Al-Karak Resources Project 1997: Excavations at Khirbat al-Mudaybi. Annual of Department of Antiquities of Jordan 43, Pp. 127–144.

McKenzie, J. (1990), The Architecture of Petra. Oxford: Oxford University.

McKenzie, J, (2013), The Nabataean Temple at Khirbet et-Tannur. 2 vols. Boston: American Schools of Oriental Research.

McNicoll, A. (1982), Pella in Jordan 1, Canberra: Australian National Gallery.

McQuitty, A., Parton, H. and Petersen, A. (2020), Khirbat Faris. Rural Settlement, Continuity and Change in Southern Jordan. Oxford: Archaeopress.

Meimaris, Y. and Kritikakou-Nikolaropoulou, K. (2005), Inscriptions from Palaestina Tertia Vol. Ia. The Greek Inscriptions from Ghor es-Safi (Byzantine Zoora). Melethmata 41. Athens: National Hellenic Research Foundation.

Meimaris, Y. and Kritikakou-Nikolaropoulou, K. (2008), Inscriptions from Palaestina Tertia Vol. Ib. The Greek Inscriptions from Ghor es-Safi (Byzantine Zoora) (Supplement), Khirbet Qazone and Feinan. Melethmata 57. Athens: National Hellenic Research Foundation.

Meimaris, Y. and Kritikakou-Nikolaropoulou, K. (2016). Inscriptions from Palaestina Tertia Vol. Ic. The Jewish Aramaic Inscriptions from Ghor es-Safi (Byzantine Zoora). Melethmata 73. Athens: National Hellenic Research Foundation.

Mellaart, J. (1956), The Neolithic Site of Ghrubba. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 3: 24–40.

Merling, D. and Geraty, L. eds. (1994), Hesban After 25 Years. Berrien Springs: Andrews University.

Michel, A. (2001), Les églises d’époques Byzantine et Umayyade de Jordanie (Provinces d’Arabie et de Palestine): Ve -VIIIe siècle; typologie architecturale et aménagements liturgiques (avec catalogue des monuments). Turnout: Brepols.

Miettunen, P. (2021). Our Ancestors Were Bedouin. Memory, Identity and Change: The Case of Holy Sites in Southern Jordan. Studia Orientalia 21. Helsinki: Finnish Oriental Society.

Miller, J. M., ed. (1991). Archaeological Survey of the Kerak Plateau. Atlanta: Scholars Press.

Mithen, S., Finlayson, B., Smith, S., Jenkins, E., Najjar, M. and Maričević, D. (2011). An 11,600-year-old Communal Structure from the Neolithic of Southern Jordan. Antiquity 85(328): 350–364.

Mittmann, S. (1970), Beiträge zur Siedlungs- und Territorialgeschichte des nördlichen Ostjordanlandes. Abhandlungen des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.

Morton, W. (1989), The 1954, 1955, and 1965 Excavations at Dhiban in Jordan. In: Studies in the Mesha Inscription and Moab, ed. J. Dearman, Pp. 239–246. Atlanta: Scholars Press.

Muheisen, M. and Rollefson, G. (1985), Chipped Stone Artifacts from a Specialized Neolithic Camp near Kharaneh Castle, Eastern Jordan. Annual of the Department of Antiquities 29: 141-150.

Muheisen, M. and Wada, H. (1995), An Analysis of the Microliths at Kharaneh IV, Phase D, Square A20/37. Paléorient 21(1): 75–95.

Muheisen, M. (1985), L’Epipaléolithique dans le Gisement de Kharaneh IV. Paléorient 11(2): 149–160.

Muheisen, M. (1988a), Le Gisement de Kharaneh IV, Note Sommaire sur la Phase D. Paléorient: 265–269.

Muheisen, M. (1988b), The Epipaleolithic Phases of Kharaneh IV. In A. Garrard and H.G. Gebel (eds.), The Prehistory of Jordan. The State of Research in 1986: 353–367. British Archaeological Reports International Series 396. Oxford: BAR.

Muheisen, M., Gebel, H.G., Hannss, C. and Neef, R. (1988), ‘Ain Rahub, a New Final Natufian and Yarmoukian Site near lrbid. In A. Garrard and H.G. Gebel (eds.), The Prehistory of Jordan: 472–502. Oxford: BAR Int. Series 396(ii).

Müller-Neuhoff, B. (2014), A ‘marginal region’ with many options: the diversity of Chalcolithic. Early Bronze Age socioeconomic activities in the hinterland of Jawa. Levant 2 (46), Pp. 230–248.

Müller-Neuhoff, B. (2020), Defending the ‘land of the devil’: prehistoric hillforts in the 145 Jawa hinterland. In: Landscapes of Survival. The Archaeology and Epigraphy of Jordan’s North-Eastern Desert and Beyond, ed. M. Akkermans, Pp. 155–164. Leiden: Sidestone Press.

Murray, M. (1939), Petra: the Rock City of Edom. London: Blackie and Son.

Murray, M. and J. C. Ellis (1940), A Street in Petra. London: British School of Archaeology in Egypt.

Musil, A. (1907-1908) Arabia Petraea. 3 volumes. Vienna: Alfred Hölder.

al-Nahar, M. and Clark, G. (2010), The Lower Paleolithic in Jordan. Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology 3(2): 173–215.

al Nahar, M. and Kafafi, Z. (2015), The Yarmoukian Pottery Assemblage from Tell Abu Suwwan, Jordan. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 15(3): 57–72.

al Nahar, M. and Olszewski, D. (2015), Early Epipaleolithic Sites in Central and Southern Jordan: Site Function Implications. Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry 15(2): 215–227.

al-Nahar, M. and Olszewski, D. (2016), Early Epipaleolithic Lithics, Time-Averaging, and Site Interpretations: Wadi al-Hasa Region, Western Highlands of Jordan. Quaternary International 396: 40–51.

al-Nahar, M. (2010), Tell Abu Suwwan, A Neolithic Site in Jordan: Preliminary Report on the 2005 and 2006 Field Seasons. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 357: 1–18.

al-Nahar, M. (2013), A Typo-Chronological and Analytical Lithic Study of the Neolithic Period in Jordan: (Case Study: Tell Abu Suwwan). Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology 7(2-3): 120–143.

al-Nahar, M. (2018), The Neolithic Site of Tell Abu Suwwan, Jerash. In R. Raja and A. Lichtenberger (eds.), The Archaeology and History of Jerash, 110 Years of Excavations: 7–14. Jerash Papers 1. Turnhout: Brepols.

al-Nahar, M., Olszewski, D. and Cooper, J. (2009.), The 2009 Excavations at the Early Epipaleolithic Site of KPS-75, Kerak Plateau. Neo-Lithics 2/09: 9–12.

Najjar, M., Abu Dayya, A., Suleiman, E., Weisgerber, G. and Hauptmann, A. (1990), Tell Wadi Feinan: The First Pottery Neolithic Tell in the South of Jordan. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 34: 27–56.

Neeley, M., Peterson, J., Clark, G. and Fish, S. (2000), WHS 1065 (Tor al-Tareeq), and Epipaleolithic Sites in the Wadi al-Hasa, West-Central Jordan. In N. Coinman (ed.), The Archaeology of the Wadi al-Hasa, West-Central Jordan, Volume 2: Excavations at Middle, Upper, and Epipaleolithic Sites: 245–279. Arizona State University, Anthropological Research Papers No. 52.

Neeley, M., Clark, G., Daviau, P., eds. (2017), Walking through Jordan. Essays in honor of Burton MacDonald, Sheffield UK, Bristol CT: Equinox.

Nehmé, L. (2012), Altas archéologique et népigraphique de Pétra. Fascicule 1. De Bāb as–Sīq au Wādī al-Farasah. Paris: Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.

Nigro, L. (2006), Khirbet al-Batrawy. An Early Bronze Age Fortified town in North-Central Jordan Preliminary Report of the First Season of Excavations (2005), Rome: La Sapienza Expedition to Palestine & Jordan.

Nigro, L. (2008), Khirbet al-Batrawy II, Rome: Univ. di Roma La Sapienza.

Nigro, L. (2013), Khirbet al-Batrawy: an Early Bronze Age City at the Fringes of the Desert. Syria 90, Pp. 189–209.

Nigro, L. ed. (2012), Khirbet al-Batrawy III. The EB II-III Triple Fortification Line, and the EB IIIB Quarter Inside the City Wall; Preliminary Report of the Fourth (2008) and Fifth (2009) Season of Excavations, Rome: Univ. di Roma La Sapienza.

Nissen, H., Muheisen, M. and Gebel, H.G.K. (eds.) (2004), Basta I. The Human Ecology. biblioteca neolithica Asiae meridionalis et occidentalis. Berlin: ex oriente.

Northedge, A. (1992), Studies on Roman and Islamic ‘Ammān. Volume 1. History, Site and Architecture. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Nowell, A., Walker, C., Cordova, C., Ames, C., Pokines, J., Stueber, D., DeWitt, R. and al-Souliman, A. (2016), Middle Pleistocene Subsistence in the Azraq Oasis, Jordan: Protein Residue and Other Proxies. Journal of Archaeological Science 73: 36–44.

Nucciotti, M. and Fragai, L. (2019), Ayyubid Reception Halls in Southern Jordan: Towards a ‘Light Archaeology’ of Political Powers. Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan 13: 489–501.

Olávarri, E. (1965), Sondages à Arô'er sur l'Arnon. Revue Biblique 72, Pp. 77–94.

Olávarri-Giocoechea, E. (1985). El Palacio Omeya de Amman II. La arqueología. Valencia: Institución San Jerónino.

Oleson, J. (2010). Humayma Excavation Project, 1. Resources, History and the Water-Supply System. Boston: American Schools of Oriental Research.

Oleson, J. and Schick, R. (2013), Humayma Excavation Project, 2. Nabataean Campground and Necropolis, Byzantine Churches, and Early Islamic Domestic Structures. Boston: American Schools of Oriental Research.

Oxtoby, W. (1968). Some Inscriptions of the Safaitic Bedouin. New Haven: American Oriental Society.

Palumbo, G. (1994). JADIS. The Jordan Antiquities Database and Information System: A Summary of the Data. Amman: The Department of Antiquities of Jordan and the American Center of Oriental Research.

Parapetti, R. (2008). An Overview of the Italian Excavations in the ‘Ammān Citadel, 1927-1938. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 52. Pp. 159–171.

Parker, S. T. (1986). Romans and Saracens: A History of the Arabian Frontier. Winona Lake, Indiana: Eisenbrauns.

Parker, S. T. (1987). The Roman Frontier in Central Jordan. Interim Report on the Limes Arabicus Project, 1980-1985. British Archaeological Reports, International Series 340. 2 vols. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.

Parker, S. T. (1999). Brief Notice on a Possible Fourth Century Church at Aqaba, Jordan. Journal of Roman Archaeology 12: 372–376.

Parker, S. T. (2006). The Roman Frontier in Central Jordan: Final Report on the Limes Arabicus Project, 1980-1989. Washington: Dumbarton Oaks.

Parker, S. T. and Perry, M. (2021), Petra North Ridge Project: The 2016 Season. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan 60: 709–721.

Parker, S. T. and Smith, A. (2014), The Roman Aqaba Project Final Report. Volume 1 – The Regional Environment and the Regional Survey. Boston: American Schools of Oriental Research.

Peake, F. (Peake Pasha) (1958), History and Tribes of Jordan. Miami: University of Miami Press.

Petersen, A. (2012), The Medieval and Ottoman Hajj Route in Jordan. An Archaeological and Historical Study. Oxford: Oxbow.

Peterson, J. (2004), Khirbet Hammam (WHS 149): A Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B Settlement in the Wadi el-Hasa, Jordan. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 334: 1–17.

Piccirillo, M. (1982). Forty Years of Archaeological Work at Mount Nebo-Siyagha in Late Roman-Byzantine Jordan. Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan 1: 291–300.

Piccirillo, M. (1992), The Mosaics of Jordan. Amman: American Center of Oriental Research.

Piccirillo, M. and Alliata, E. (1994), Umm al-Rasas – Mayfa'ah I. Gli scavi del complesso di Santo Stefano. Jerusalem: Studium Biblicum Franciscanum.

Piccirillo, M. and Alliata, E. (1999), The Madaba Map Centenary 1897-1997. Travelling through the Byzantine-Umayyad Period. Jerusalem: Studium Biblicum Franciscanum.

Politis, K. (2012), Sanctuary of Lot at Deir ‘Ain ‘Abata in Jordan. Excavations 1988-2003. Amman: Jordan Distribution Agency.

Politis, K. (2020), Ancient Landscapes of Zoara: Surveys and Excavations in the Ghor as-Safi in Jordan, 1997-2018. London: Taylor Francis.

Prag, K. (2008), Excavations by K. M. Kenyon in Jerusalem: 1961-1967. Volume 5. Discoveries in Hellenistic to Ottoman Jerusalem. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Pritchard, J. (1958), The Excavations at Herodian Jericho, 1951. Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research 32–33. New Haven: American Schools of Oriental Research.

Pritchard, J. (1985), Tell es-Sa‘diyeh. Excavations on the Tell, 1964 – 1966, Philadelphia, Penn.: Univ. Museum.

Quintero, L., Wilke, P., Peterson, J. (1995), Evolution and Economic Significance of Naviform Core-and-Blade Technology in the Southern Levant. Paléorient 21: 17–33.

Quintero, L., Wilke, P. and Rollefson, G. (2002), From Flint Mine to Fan Scraper: The Late Prehistoric Jafr Industrial Complex, Southeastern Jordan. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 327: 17–48.

Quintero, L., Wilke, P. and Rollefson, G. (2007), An Eastern Jordanian Perspective on the Lower Paleolithic of the “Levantine Corridor.” Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan 9: 157–166.

Ramsey, M., Maher, L., Macdonald, D. and Rosen, A. (2016), Risk, Reliability and Resilience: Phytolith Evidence for Alternative ‘Neolithization’ Pathways at Kharaneh IV in the Azraq Basin, Jordan. PLoS One 11(10), e0164081.

Ramsey, M., Maher, L., Macdonald, D., Nadel, D. and Rosen, A. (2018), Sheltered by Reeds and Settled on Sedges: Construction and Use of a Twenty Thousand-Year-Old Hut According to Phytolith Analysis from Kharaneh IV, Jordan. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 50: 85–97.

Rhotert, H. (1938), Transjordanien. Verlauf und Ergebnisse der XII. Deutschen Inner-Afrikanischen Forschungs-Expedition (DIAFE) 1934/35. Frankfurt: Veröffentlichung des Forschungsinstituts für Kulturmorphologie.

Richard, S. (1987), Early Bronze Age in Palestine: The Rise and Collapse of Urbanism. Biblical Archaeologist (50), Pp. 22–43.

Richard, S. (2017), The Khirbat Iskandar Regional Survey. In: Walking through Jordan. Essays in Honor of Burton MacDonald, ed. M. Neeley, G. Clark, P. Daviau, Pp. 113–129. Sheffield UK/Bristol CT: Equinox.

Richard, S. and Long, JC. (2006), Three Seasons of Excavations at Khirbet Iskender, Jordan: 1997, 2000, 2004. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan (49), Pp. 261–276.

Richter, T., Arranz-Otaegui, A., Boaretto, E, Bocaege, E, Estrup, E., Gallardo, C., Pantos, G., Pedersen, P., Sæhle, I., and Yeomans, L. (2016), A Late Natufian and PPNA Settlement in North-East Jordan: Interim Report on the 2014–2016 Excavations at Shubayqa 6. Neo-Lithics 16(1): 13–21.

Richter, T., Bocaege, E., Ilsøe, P., Ruter, A., Pantos, A., Pedersen, P. and Yeomans, L. (2019), Ochre, Ground Stone, and Wrapping the Dead in the Late Epipalaeolithic (Natufian) Levant: Revealing the Funerary Practices at Shubayqa 1, Jordan. Journal of Field Archaeology 44(7): 440–457.

Richter, T., Stock, J., Maher, L. and Hebron, C. (2010), An Early Epipalaeolithic Sitting Burial from the Azraq Oasis, Jordan. Antiquity 84 (2010): 321–334.

Rollefson, G. and Kafafi, Z. (2013), The Town of ‘Ain Ghazal. In D. Schmandt-Besserat (ed.), Symbols at ‘Ain Ghazal: 3–29. biblioteca neolithica Asiae meridionalis et occidentalis. Berlin: ex oriente.

Rollefson, G. and Köhler-Rollefson, I. (1989), Collapse of Early Neolithic Settlements in the Southern Levant. In I. Hershkovitz (ed.), People and Culture in Change. British Archaeological Reports, Int. Series 508: 73–89.

Rollefson, G. and Köhler-Rollefson, I. (1993), PPNC Adaptations in the Early 6th Millennium BC. Paléorient 19/1: 31–40.

Rollefson, G. and Matlock, W. (2007), Enigma Variations: Ritual Structures from Late Prehistory and Early Antiquity at Tref al-Marrar, Wadi Ramm. Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan. 51: 211–222.

Rollefson, G. (1983a), Two Seasons of Excavation at Ain el-Assad, Eastern Jordan, 1980-1981. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 252: 25–34.

Rollefson, G. (1983b), Ritual and Ceremony at Neolithic Ain Ghazal (Jordan). Paléorient 9(2): 29–38.

Rollefson, G. (1989a), The Late Aceramic Neolithic of the Levant: A Synthesis. Paléorient 15(1): 168-173.

Rollefson, G. (1989b), The Aceramic Neolithic of the Southern Levant: The View from ‘Ain Ghazal. Paléorient 15(1): 135–140.

Rollefson, G. (1996), Abu Hudhud (WHS 1008): An EPPNB Settlement in the Wadi el-Hasa, Central Jordan. In S. Kozlowski and H. Gebel (eds.), Neolithic Chipped Stone Industries of the Fertile Crescent II: 169–170. Berlin: ex oriente.

Rollefson, G. (1998), ‘Ain Ghazal (Jordan): Ritual and Ceremony III. Paléorient 24(1): 43–58.

Rollefson, G. (2005), Early Neolithic Ritual Centers in the Southern Levant. Neo-Lithics 2/05: 3–13.

Rollefson, G. (2020), The PPNC: Like a Bridge over Troubled Waters. In H. Khalaily, A. Re’em, J. Vardi and I. Milevsky (eds.), The Mega Project at Motza (Moza): The Neolithic and Later Occupations up to the 20th Century: 131–162. Jerusalem: The Israel Antiquities Authority.

Rollefson, G. and Simmons, A. (1986), The Neolithic Village of ‘Ain Ghazal, Jordan: Preliminary Report on the 1984 Season. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research 24: 145–164.

Rollefson, G., Schnurrenberger, D., Quintero, L., Watson, R. and Low, L. (1997), ‘Ain Soda and ‘Ain Qasiya: New Late Pleistocene and Early Holocene Sites in the Azraq Shishan Area, Eastern Jordan. In H. Gebel, Z. Kafafi and G. Rollefson (eds.), The Prehistory of Jordan II: 45–58. Berlin: ex oriente.

Routledge, B. (2000a), The Polities of Mesha: Segmented Identities and State Formation in Iron Age Moab. Journal of Economic and Social History of the Orient 3 (43), Pp. 221–256.

Routledge, B. and Routledge, C. (2009), The Balu‘a Stele Revisited. In: Studies on Iron Age Moab and Neighbouring Areas in Honour of Michèle Daviau, ed. P. Bienkowski, Pp. 71–95. Leuven: Peeters.

Routledge, B. (2000b), Seeing Through Walls: Interpreting Iron Age I Architecture at Khirbat al-Mudayna al-‘Aliya. Bulletin of the American School for Oriental Research (319), Pp. 37–70.

Saller, S. (1941), The Memorial of Moses on Mount Nebo. Jerusalem: Franciscan Printing Press.

Saller, S. (1957), Excavations at Bethany (1949-1953). Jerusalem: Franciscan Printing Press.

Saller, S, and Bagatti, B. (1949), The Town of Nebo. Khirbet el-Mekhayyat) with a Brief Survey of Other Ancient Christian Monuments in Transjordan. Studium Biblicum Franciscanum, Collectio Major 7. Jerusalem: Franciscan.

Sauer, J. (1973), Heshbon Pottery, 1971: A Preliminary Report of the Pottery from the 1971 Excavations at Tell Hesban. Andrews University Monographs 7. Berrien Springs: Andrews University.

Saunders, N. (2020), Desert Insurgency. Archaeology, T. E. Lawrence, and the Arab Revolt. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Scardia, G., Parenti, F, Miggins, D., Gerdes, A., Araujo, A. and Neves, W. (2019), Chronologic Constraints on Hominid Dispersal Outside Africa since 2.48Ma from the Zarqa Valley, Jordan. Quaternary Science Reviews 219: 1–19.

Schaub, T., Chesson, M. (2007), Life in the earliest walled towns on the Dead Sea Plain. Bab adh-Dhra‘ and an-Numayra. In: Crossing Jordan. North American Contributions to the Archaeology of Jordan, ed. T. Levy, P. Daviau, R. Younker, M. Shaer, Pp. 245–252. London: Equinox.

Schick, R. (1995), The Christian Communities of Palestine from Byzantine to Islamic Rule. A Historical and Archaeological Study. Princeton: Darwin.

Schick, R, (2019) Jordan. Pp. 391–410 in W. Caraher, T. Davis and D. Pettegrew, ed., Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Archaeology. Oxford: Oxford Universit

Downloads

Published

2022-10-31

How to Cite

Rollefson, G. ., Schmidt, K. ., & Schick, R. . (2022). One Hundred Years of Archaeological Research in Jordan. Jordan Journal for History and Archaeology, 16(3), 275–324. https://doi.org/10.54134/jjha.v16i3.662

Issue

Section

Articles