مراجعة شاملة حول الفعالية والأحداث السلبية المرتبطة بلقاحات COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v15i2.326الكلمات المفتاحية:
لقاح كوفيد-19، فعالية اللقاح، الآثار الضارة للقاحالملخص
لمكافحة COVID-19، أعطت العديد من الوكالات الصحية في جميع أنحاء العالم موافقة طارئة على اللقاحات. ولذلك، فإن الأثر الوقائي الطويل الأجل والآثار الضارة المحتملة للقاحات على المرضى الذين يعانون من نقص المناعة والنساء الحوامل وطب الشيخوخة قد لا يكونان راسخين. وكان الهدف من هذه المراجعة هو تقييم سلامة وفعالية عدد من اللقاحات الأكثر شيوعا المعتمدة في جميع أنحاء العالم. وأجريت مراجعة لتحديد التجارب السريرية التي درست فعالية اللقاحات وتقارير الحالات عن الأحداث الضائرة المحتملة المشتبه في ارتباطها باللقاحات. وكانت قواعد البيانات الإلكترونية التي تم البحث فيها لتحديد الدراسات ذات الصلة هي Science Direct وPubMed/Medline و Scopus و MedRxiv. وشملت المراجعة سبع تجارب معشاة ذات شواهد قيمت فعالية لقاحات كوفيد-19 وتقارير الحالات التي أبلغت عن الأحداث الضائرة للقاحات. وتبين أن فعالية اللقاحات بلغت 94.6٪ للقاح فايزر، و94.1٪ للقاح موديرنا، و66.1٪ للقاح جونسون آند جونسون، و76.4٪ لكوفيشيلد، و91.6٪ لسبوتنيك، و77.8٪ لكوفاكسين. لم يتم الإبلاغ عن أي أحداث سلبية شديدة في الدراسات. وكانت جميع الأحداث الضائرة المبلغ عنها خفيفة ومكتفية ذاتيا ولا تتطلب أي تدخل طبي. أظهرت جميع لقاحات كوفيد-19 ملامح مناعة واعدة، ودرجات مختلفة من الفعالية الوقائية، وملامح سلامة مقبولة. ومع ذلك، هناك حاجة إلى مزيد من البحوث لتقييم الفعالية والسلامة في الفئات السكانية الضعيفة بما في ذلك المرضى الذين يعانون من نقص المناعة والنساء الحوامل والسكان المسنين. تصبح مراقبة ما بعد التسويق على المدى الطويل جزءا مهما جدا من تحديد الفعالية والآثار الجانبية بين مختلف السكان.
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