الفلاسفةُ والعلماءُ المنسوبون لمدينةِ البتراء في المصادرِ الكلاسيكيَّة
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v18i3.1735الكلمات المفتاحية:
البتراء في الفترتين الرومانيَّة والبيزنطيَّة، البتراء في المصادر اليونانيَّة، فلاسفة العرب قبل الإسلام، علماء من البتراء، السفسطائيونالملخص
تتناول هذه الورقةُ مجموعةً من الفلاسفة والعلماء المنسوبين لمدينة البتراء في المصادر التاريخيَّة القديمة، الذين وقفنا على أسمائهم مِمَّن نُسِبوا إلى هذه المدينة، رَغم أنَّهم لم يعيشوا فيها؛ لكونها -فيما نحسب- المدينة التي ولدوا فيها، وهم: چايوس، كالينيكوس، وچينيثيليوس، وإيپيفانيوس، وچيسيوس، ودوساريوس البتراوي، وقد تَسَمّى هؤلاء الرواد بأسماء يونانيَّة، وكتبوا أعمالهم التي ضاعت ولم تصلنا باللغة اليونانيَّة أيضًا، وكانوا على درايةٍ بالفلسفة اليونانيَّة ومدارسها ومذاهبها، وكانوا -على ما يبدو-، وباستثناء الطبيب البتراويّ المحترف چيسيوس، من أتباع المذهب السفسطائي. وقد اعتمد البحث على عددٍ من المصادر الرومانيَّة والبيزنطيَّة التي تطرَّقت لهؤلاء الرواد، ومن أبرزها كتاب "سودا" Σοῦδα الموسوعي، الذي يعود للقرن العاشر الميلادي، والمعتمد على مصادر عديدة قديمة، إضافةً إلى غيره من المصادر الأخرى التي تناولت إنجازات هؤلاء الفلاسفة والمفكِّرين وأعمالهم، وتؤكِّد هذه المصادر أنَّ معرفة العرب القدماء بالفلسفة اليونانيَّة كانت مبكِّرةً جدًّا، وأنها تسبق قدوم الإسلام بقرونٍ عديدةٍ، كما تؤكِّد بما لا يدع مجالًا للشكِّ أنَّ العرب القدماء قد اطلعوا، وبشكلٍ مُعمَّقٍ ومستفيضٍ، على المذاهب الفلسفيَّة القديمة المختلفة، وتأثروا بها وألَّفوا فيها الكتب، وكان لهم دورٌ واضحٌ في نشر المذاهب الفلسفيَّة والفكريَّة.
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