ألفاظ السيوف اليمنيَّة القديمة في ضَوء النقوش والمصادر العربيَّة
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v19i1.1844الكلمات المفتاحية:
السيف، فترة ما قبل الإسلام، الأسلحة، النقوش، الشعر الجاهليالملخص
تعطي دراسة أسماء السيف اليمني العتيق للقارئ فكرة واضحة عن أنواعه وأسمائه في فترة ما قبل الإسلام بما في ذلك العصر الجاهلّي الذي تواتر فيه ذكر أشهرها على الإطلاق، وخاصةً ما ورد في معلقات ودواوين الشعر، مكتفي بجانب معين ألا وهو التسميات أو الألفاظ فقط، مع استجلاء بعض معانيها ودلالتها. وقد حاول الباحث حصرها من خلال تتبع ذكرها في المصادر العربية، فضلاً عن تتبع واستقراء ما توفر من النقوش اليمنية القديمة، التي تم إكتشافها حتى الآن. ولعلّ مختلف صنوف الأسلحة التي شاع استعمالها في العصر الإسلامي مستمدّة في الأساس من تقاليد صناعة الأسلحة التي عرفت في فترة ما قبل الإسلام. وبالنظر إلى تعدد وظائف استعمال السيف الحديدي، فقد حظي هذا السلاح بمكانة مهمة بين سائر صنوف الأسلحة ومعدات الحرب، التي كان يحملها اليمنيون القدماء في حِلهم وترحالهم. وتدل القطع الأثرية على أنهم كانوا يُحلون بعض مقابضها بالبرونز والفضة، وأحياناً بالذهب والعاج للزينة، وعادةً ما يكون لها أغلفة مصنوعة من الجلد أو الخشب. وقد بلغ الأمر ذروته في العصر الجاهلي الذي أسترسل شعرائه في مدح صفاتها، وجودة وإتقان صناعتها وحسن زخرفتها. وكان كل سيف بحد ذاته يحمل اسماً يدل على صفة فيه تميزه عن غيره
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