معصرة الزيتون (البّدْ) في قرية صنفحة، دراسة إثنواركيولوجيَّة

المؤلفون

  • Wael Husam Khaleel Alhajaj درجة الماجستير من قسم الانثروبولوجيا، كلية الاثار والانثروبولوجيا، جامعة اليرموك، الأردن https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3615-0430

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v19i1.734

الكلمات المفتاحية:

البّدْ، المنهج الإثنواركيولوجي، الوحدة المعمارية، قرية صنفحة، معصرة الزيتون

الملخص

تهدفُ هذه الدراسةُ إلى توضيح العلاقات الثقافية والاجتماعية والاقتصادية لوحدة معماريَّة بُنِيَت في معظم منازل القرى الأردنية التقليدية، تُعرف بمعصرة الزيتون (البّدْ)([1])(Al-Badd)، وقد وُجِدَت في منزل عوض الصوافيين في قرية صنفحة في محافظة الطفيلة جنوب الأردن.  اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج الأثنواركيولوجي، الذي يقوم على فهم العلاقات الاجتماعية والثقافية لأيِّ مجتمع، عبرَ مراقبة السلوك البشري وملاحظته في الوقت الحاضر ثم مقارنتها بالمادة الثقافية، حتى نستخلص أفكارًا ومعلومات تساعد الباحثيين في الآثار والأنثروبولوجيا لفهم وتحليلها المادة الأثرية. مرَّت معصرةُ الزيتون بمراحل تطور منذ العصر الحجري الحديث والعصر النحاسي إلى الفترات الإسلامية، وصولًا إلى منتصف القرن التاسع عشر، وقد جرى عليها التعديلُ في كل فترة من الفترات حتى وصلت إلى صورتها الحالية. خلصت الدراسة إلى نتائجَ عِدَّةٍ، منها: وجود البّدْ في المنزل يُعَدُّ دليلًا على مكانة صاحبه الاقتصادية العالية، كما عكس أنماط التفاعل الاجتماعي بين أفراد المنزل وصاحب البّدْ من حيث توزيع الحصص والأدوار، وأخيرًا عُدَّ في قرية صنفحة ذا طابع إنتاجي محلي وليس للتجارة.

 

 

([1]) البَدُّ: النَّصيبُ من كل شيء، وهو حجرٌ دائريٌّ كبير تقريبًا يزن طنًّا تجري صناعتُهُ محليًّا، فَتُعمَلُ فيه فتحةٌ قطرُها 25-30سم لإدخال قطعة خشبية تتحكَّمُ في دوارنه، وَتُطلَقفُ اسمُ البد على جميع عمليَّة عصر الزيتون من المعصرة إلى القفاف والأحواض، ويسمّونه أيضًا الزيت البارد لأنه الزيتون من غير تحميص.

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التنزيلات

منشور

2025-03-05

كيفية الاقتباس

Alhajaj, W. H. K. . (2025). معصرة الزيتون (البّدْ) في قرية صنفحة، دراسة إثنواركيولوجيَّة. المجلّةُ الأردنيّة للتاريـخ والآثار, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.35516/jjha.v19i1.734

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