Phytochemical Constituents and in-vitro antioxidant Activity of Aleuritopteris bicolor Leaves, Crinum amoenum Bulbs, and Drynaria coronans Rhizomes of Nepal

Sindhu K.C.; Atisammodavardhana  Kaundinnyayana; Prabhat Kumar Jha; Sandesh  Poudel; Rajib Tiwari; Ram  Kishor Yadav; sistu K.C.; Kushal  subedi

doi:10.35516/jjps.v18i2.2691

Authors

Sindhu K.C. School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Nepal
Atisammodavardhana Kaundinnyayana School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Nepal
Prabhat Kumar Jha School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Nepal
Sandesh Poudel School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Nepal
Rajib Tiwari School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Nepal
Ram Kishor Yadav School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Nepal
sistu K.C. Patan Academy of Health Sciences, Lalitpur, Kathmandu University Nepal
Kushal subedi School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, Nepal

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v18i2.2691

Keywords:

Phytochemical screening, antioxidant, Aleuritopteris bicolor leaves, Crinum amoenum bulbs, Drynaria coronans rhizomes

Abstract

Background: Due to plant derived chemicals’s potential as antioxidant agents, there has been a growing interest in using them to cure or prevent diseases. Similarly plant species like Aleuritopteris bicolor(AB) leaves,Crinum amoenum(CA) bulbs and Drynaria coronans (DC) rhizomes are used as traditional herbal medicine in Nepal.

Aims: This study aims to assess the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constituents along with the antioxidant potency of extracts from the leaves of AB, bulbs of CA, and rhizomes of DC.

Methods and Materials: The qualitative phytochemical profile was assessed using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and standard phytochemical tests. TLC was performed on silica gel 60 F254 plates (20×20 cm, layer thickness: 0.2 mm) using a solvent system of chloroform: methanol: water at (6:4:1) ratio. Plates were visualized under UV light (254 nm and 365 nm) and further developed using 1% FeCl₃, 10% H₂SO₄, and DPPH for antioxidant activity. Quantitative analysis of total flavonoid and phenol content was conducted using aluminum chloride and Folin-Ciocalteu reagents, respectively. The antioxidant activity was measured through the DPPH free radical scavenging assay.

Results: The selected species were found to contain flavonoid, phenol, saponin and tannin. Higher flavonoid and phenol content was found in the leaves of AB (398.861 ± 6.94 mg quercetin/ g dry extract) and rhizomes of CA (172.97 ± 1.777 gallic acid/ g dry extract) respectively whereas leaves of AB had the most potent antioxidant activity (IC₅₀= 3.233 µg/ml).

Conclusions: All the selected plant species were found to have significant constituents. Among them, the leaves of AB extract had the highest flavonoid concentration and the higher antioxidant activity, highlighting its potential for further medicinal use.

Keywords: Phytochemical screening, antioxidant, Aleuritopteris bicolor leaves, Crinum amoenum bulbs, Drynaria coronans rhizomes

References

Ohikhena F.U., Wintola O.A., and Afolayan A.J. Quantitative phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of the mistletoe, Phragmanthera capitata (Sprengel) Balle extracted with different solvents. Pharmacognosy Res. 2018; 10(1):16–23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/rjb.2017.23.31

Zhang Y.J., Gan R.Y., Li S., Zhou Y., Li A.N., Xu D.P., et al. Antioxidant phytochemicals for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Molecules. 2015; 20(12):21138–21156. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules201219753

Kunwar R.M., Mahat L., Acharya R.P., and Bussmann R.W. Medicinal plants, traditional medicine, markets and management in far-west Nepal. J. Ethnobiol. Ethnomed. 2013; 9(1):24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-9-24

Oyebode O., Kandala N.B., Chilton P.J., and Lilford R.J. Use of traditional medicine in middle-income countries: a WHO-SAGE study. Health Policy Plan. 2016; 31(8):984–991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czw022

Jemal K., Sandeep B.V., and Pola S. Phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activity analysis of leaf and callus extracts of Allophylus serratus (ROXB) KURZ. Jordan J. Pharm. Sci. 2022; 15(1):51–69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v15i1.291

Ekor M. The growing use of herbal medicines: issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety. Front. Pharmacol. 2014; 4:177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2013.00177

Adhikari M., Thapa R., Kunwar R.M., Devkota H.P., and Poudel P. Ethnomedicinal uses of plant resources in the Machhapuchchhre Rural Municipality of Kaski District, Nepal. Medicines (Basel). 2019; 6(2):69. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines6020069

Ojha R. and Devkota H. Edible and medicinal pteridophytes of Nepal: a review. Ethnobot. Res. Appl. 2021; 22:1–16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32859/era.22.16.1-16

Rai R. and Singh N.B. Medico-ethnobiology in Rai community: a case study from Baikunthe Village Development Committee, Bhojpur, Eastern Nepal. J. Inst. Sci. Technol. 2015; 20:127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/jist.v20i1.13935

Subba B., Srivastav C., and Kandel R.C. Scientific validation of medicinal plants used by Yakkha community of Chanuwa VDC, Dhankuta, Nepal. SpringerPlus. 2016; 5(1):155. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-1821-5

Kediso T.E., Tolessa T., Getachew F., Makonnen E., and Seifu D. Effect of 70% ethanol extract and its solvent fractions of Artemisia afra (Jacq. Ex Willd.) against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizure in mice. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med. 2021; 2021:6690965. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6690965

Giri S., Giri U., Subedi K., Magar K.T., Pant S., and Joshi K.R. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) based chemical profiling and antioxidant activity of selected Nepalese medicinal plants. J. Health Allied Sci. 2020; 10(2):15–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37107/jhas.158

Pant D.R., Pant N.D., Saru D.B., Yadav U.N., and Khanal D.P. Phytochemical screening and study of antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of extracts from stem wood of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxburgh. J. Intercult. Ethnopharmacol. 2017; 6(2):170–176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/jice.20170403094055

Pękal A. Evaluation of aluminium complexation reaction for flavonoid content assay. Food Anal. Methods. 2014; 7:1776–1782. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-014-9814-x

Blainski A., Lopes G.C., and de Mello J.C.P. Application and analysis of the Folin Ciocalteu method for the determination of the total phenolic content from Limonium brasiliense L. Molecules. 2013; 18(6):6852–6865. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules18066852

Sowndhararajan K. and Kang S.C. Free radical scavenging activity from different extracts of leaves of Bauhinia vahlii Wight & Arn. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 2013; 20(4):319–325. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.12.005

Sofowora A., Ogunbodede E. and Onayade A. The role and place of medicinal plants in the strategies for disease prevention. Afr. J. Tradit. Complement. Altern. Med. 2013; 10(5):210–229. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v10i5.2

Ikram L., Laiche A.T. and Tlili M.L. Medicinal plants used by traditional healers in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in Oued Souf Region (southeast of Algeria). Jordan J. Pharm. Sci. 2024; 17(2):225–241. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v17i2.1783

Yeshi K., Crayn D., Ritmejerytė E. and Wangchuk P. Plant secondary metabolites produced in response to abiotic stresses have potential application in pharmaceutical product development. Molecules. 2022; 27(1):313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010313

Kagan I.A. and Flythe M.D. Thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) separations and bioassays of plant extracts to identify antimicrobial compounds. J. Vis. Exp. 2014; (85):51411. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3791/51411-v

Sardi V.F., Astika A., Jalius I.M. and Ismed F. Quantification of mangiferin from the bioactive fraction of mango leaves (Mangifera indica L.) and evaluation of wound-healing potential. Jordan J. Pharm. Sci. 2023; 16(3):595–606. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v16i3.652

Khanal L.N., Sharma K.R., Pokharel Y.R. and Kalauni S.K. Assessment of phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of some medicinal plants from Kaski District of Nepal. Am. J. Plant Sci. 2020; 11(9):1383–1397. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2020.119099

Pandey L.K. and Sharma K.R. Analysis of phenolic and flavonoid content, α-amylase inhibitory and free radical scavenging activities of some medicinal plants. Sci. World J. 2022; 2022:4000707. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4000707

Tiwari R., Parajuli N., Pahari A., Gurung S., Baral R., Shrestha R. et al. Phytochemical screening, free radical scavenging and in-vitro antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of selected medicinal plants of Nepal and effort towards formulation of antibacterial cream from the extracts. Int. J. Herb. Med. 2021; 9:39–47.

Rahman M.M., Islam M.B., Biswas M. and Khurshid Alam A.H.M. In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of different parts of Tabebuia pallida growing in Bangladesh. BMC Res. Notes. 2015; 8(1):621. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-015-1618-6

Aykul S. and Martinez-Hackert E. Determination of half-maximal inhibitory concentration using biosensor-based protein interaction analysis. Anal. Biochem. 2016; 508:97–103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2016.06.025

Cao H., Chai T.T., Wang X., Morais-Braga M.F.B., Yang J.H., Wong F.C. et al. Phytochemicals from fern species: potential for medicine applications. Phytochem. Rev. 2017; 16(3):379–440. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-016-9488-7

Jarial R., Shard A., Thakur S., Sakinah M., Zularisam A.W., Rezania S. et al. Characterization of flavonoids from fern Cheilanthes tenuifolia and evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. J. King Saud Univ. Sci. 2018; 30(4):425–432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2017.04.007