Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrrole, Pyridine and Pyrazoline Derivatives: Biological Activity against Leishmania Tropica, Human Lymphocytes, and Molecular Docking Study

Abstract

This study prepared seven compounds I1-7 containing pyrrole, pyridine, and pyrazoline rings.  First, four chalcones I1-4 were prepared as precursors, and then three pyrazoline I5-7 cores were prepared from them. The chalcones compounds were synthesized by reacting with 4-ethoxy acetophenone or 3,4-(Methylenedioxy) acetophenone with Pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde and 2-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde. The pyrazoline ring derivatives were obtained from reaction chalcones with hydrazine derivatives: (hydrazine,2-hydrazinobenzothiazole& phenyl hydrazine). All compounds were proven by FTIR, 1H& 13C NMR spectroscopies in addition to the physical properties. The biological activity of some compounds against Leishmania tropica and human lymphocytes was examined using the 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazole]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. Considering the Leishmania tropica test, the prepared compound I3 showed the highest inhibition of 80-81%, While compound I2 showed the highest toxicity against lymphocytes of 54-70% at (1 to 0.0625) mg/ml, which was confirmed by their molecular docking study with three different enzymes (DNA polymerase iota, HSP 90, Lysine-specific demethylase) has been measured and compared with the binding energy of the drug Amphotericin B, and Azithromycin where the docking energy appeared close to that of the drugs that were used, which nominates them as good anti-leishmania and lymphocytes in the future.