Single Nucleotide Pleomorphisms of Different Cytokines among Jordanian Patients with Lupus Nephritis: A Pilot Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v18i2.2833Keywords:
lupus nephritis, cytokines, SNPs, JordanAbstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most common clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and significantly affects the morbidity and mortality associated with SLE. Both environmental and genetic factors contribute to the development of SLE. There is growing interest in identifying genetic markers, particularly cytokine-related variants, that may indicate susceptibility to SLE, predict future organ involvement, and monitor changes in disease activity. This study aims to examine a wide array of cytokine genetic variants and their association with LN in a cohort of 83 Jordanian samples. Genotyping was performed using the Polymerase Chain Reaction/Sequence Specific Primer (PCR/SSP) technique. Our results show an increased frequency of the G allele at the promoter region (-1082 A/G) of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in LN samples (p = 0.001) compared to controls, whereas the A allele predominated in the control group (p = 0.001). At the genotype level for the -1082 A/G promoter region of IL-10, the GG genotype was significantly associated with LN (p < 0.001), while the GA genotype predominated in controls (p = 0.027). No significant associations were observed between other cytokine SNPs (IFN-γ, IL-6, TNF-α) and LN in Jordanian SLE patients. Our pilot study suggests that the G allele and GG genotype at the IL-10 promoter region (-1082 A/G) increase the risk of developing LN in Jordanian SLE patients, while the A allele and GA genotype are more common in controls.
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