Wastewater Treatment and its Reuse in Jordan

Authors

  • Ahmad M. Abu-Awwad The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i3.80

Keywords:

Jordan, WWTPs, treated wastewater reuse, development, efficient utilization

Abstract

The prospective agriculture development, in Jordan, is tied up by severe water scarcity that induces imbalances and shortages of water supply for various uses, especially under high population growth rates, natural and non-voluntary migration, and climate change. This paper provides highlights on the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) expansion, development, and treated wastewater reuse for the current and past 100 years in Jordan, examples of inefficient utilization of some WWTPs effluent and some of its constituents (such as Nitrogen and Phosphorus). It also suggests the necessary measures in the near future and long-term for the effective use of treated wastewater that improve and increase the reuse of treated wastewater in agricultural irrigation.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Ahmad M. Abu-Awwad, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

 Department of Land, Water and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan

References

Abu-Awwad, A. M. (2011). Optimizing Model for Cropping Pattern Areas Irrigated by Treated Wastewater in Wadi Musa. Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 173(797), 1-28.

ACWUA, (2011). Arab Countries Water Utilities Association. Safe Use of Treated Wastewater in Agriculture Jordan, Case Study.

Angelakis, A.; Snyder, S (2015). Wastewater treatment and reuse: Past, present, and future. Water 2015, 7, 4887-4895.

Atef Al-Kharabsheh & Rakad Ta'any (2005) Challenges of Water Demand Management in Jordan, Water International, 30:2, 210-219, DOI: 10.1080/02508060508691861

Asano, T.; Burton, F.; Leverenz, H.; Tsuchihashi, R.; Tchobanoglous, G. (2007). Water Reuse: Issues, Technologies, and Applications; McGraw Hill Professional: New York, NY, USA, 2007.

Cooper, P. (2001). The historical aspect of wastewater treatment. In Decentralised Sanitation Reuse: Concepts, System, and Implementation; IWA Publishing: London, UK, 2001; pp. 11–38

Drechsel, P.; Scott, A.; Sally, R.; Redwood, M.; Bachir, A (2010). Wastewater Irrigation and Health: Assessing and Mitigating Risk in Low-Income Countries; International Water Management Institute, Edose.; Earthscan: London, UK, 2010

Grattan, F. J. Diaz, F. Pedrero, Vivaldi G.A. (2015). Assessing the suitability of saline wastewater for irrigation of Citrus spp.: Emphasis on boron and specific-ion interactions. Agric. Water Manage., 157, pp. 48-58.

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation), (2003). Users manual for irrigation with treated wastewater. Cairo 2003.

FAO (1995). Water Resources, Development and Management Service, MENA Regional study report, 1995.

Ganjegunte, G.. Ulery, A. . Niu, G. and Wu, Y. (2018).Organic carbon, nutrient, and salt dynamics in saline soil and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) irrigated with treated municipal wastewater. Land Degrad. Dev., 29 (1) (2018), pp. 80-90

Hadadin, N. Qaqish, M. Akawwi, E. and Bdour, A. (2009). Water shortage in Jordan – Sustainable solutions.

https://www.usaid.gov/jordan/water-and-wastewater-infrastructure

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater

https://www.britannica.com/technology/wastewater-treatment. Accessed 3 July 2021

https://www.water-technology.net/projects/as-samra-wastewater-treatment-plant-jordan/

https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/jordan-population/

JDOS. Jordan Department of Statistics, 2020

JDOS. Jordan Department of Statistics, 2016

María Fernanda Jaramillo ID and Inés Restrepo, (2017). Wastewater Reuse in Agriculture: A Review about Its Limitations and Benefits. Sustainability, 9, 1734.

MoEnv (2014). Jordan’s Third National Communication on Climate Change. Submitted to The united nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), funded by GEF and UNDP,” Ministry of Environment, Amman, Jordan, 2014.

MWI, Jordan Ministry of Water and Irrigation, (2019). The Amended Guideline of the Water Resources Protection for the Year of 2019.

MWI (1998). Wastewater Management Policy; Ministry of Water and Irrigation: Amman, Jordan, 1998.

MWI (2017). Jordan Water Sector Facts and Figures. Ministry of Water and Irrigation, Amman, Jordan.

MWI, Jordan Ministry of Water and Irrigation, (2018). Annual Report of Water Authority.

MWI (2016). Jordan’s Water Strategy 2016–2025; Ministry of Water and Irrigation: Amman, Jordan, 2016.

Noah A. (2002). Improving Desert Environment through Water reuse. Evolution of Sanitary Drainage in Combating Pollution. Head of Laboratory, Wastewater Treatment Work Middle Eastern. Http://www.watermagazine .com/secure/jc/Desert.htm.

Saidan, M. N. Al-Addous, M. Al-Weshah, R. Obada, I, Alkasrawi, M. and Barbana, N. (2020). Wastewater Reclamation in Major Jordanian Industries: A Viable Component of a Circular Economy. Water 2020,12, 1276.

Taha, s. and N. Haddadine. (2005). Jordan Ministry of Water and Irrigation. Potential for reuse of treated wastewater in Jordan.

Tzanakakis, V.; Paranychianaki, N.; Angelakis, A (2007). Soil as a wastewater treatment system: Historical development. Water Sci. Technol. Water Suppl. 2007,7, 67–75.

Tzanakakis, V. E., Koo-Oshima, S., Haddad, M., Apostolidis, N., and Angelakis, A. N. (2014). “Chapter 24: The history of land application and hydroponic systems for wastewater treatment and reuse,” in Evolution of Sanitation and Wastewater Management through the Centuries, eds A. N. Angelakis and J. B. Rose (London: IWA Publishing), 459–482.

USAID Jordan Water Infrastructure Project 2019

Downloads

Published

01-09-2021

How to Cite

Abu-Awwad, A. M. (2021). Wastewater Treatment and its Reuse in Jordan. Jordan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 17(3), 211–223. https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v17i3.80