تأثير مضاد لاضطراب دهون الدم وتحسن نشاط إنزيم أسيليت ترانسفيراز الليسيثين-الكوليسترول (LCAT) بعد تناول مكمل غذائي يحتوي على مزيج من أوراق Olea europaea و Cynara scolymus في نموذج الفئران.

Ji X, Shi S, Liu B, Shan M, Tang D, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhang H, Lu C, Wang Y. Bioactive compounds from herbal medicines to manage dyslipidemia. Biomed Pharmacother. 2019;118:109338. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109338

Hu Y, Chen X, Hu M, Zhang D, Yuan S, Li P, Feng L. Medicinal and edible plants in the treatment of dyslipidemia: advances and prospects. Chin Med. 2022;17(1):113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-022-00666-9

Ali N, Kathak RR, Fariha KA, Taher A, Islam F. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and its associated factors among university academic staff and students in Bangladesh. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2023;23(1):366. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-023-03399-1

Ghazwani M, Mahmood SE, Gosadi IM, Bahri AA, Ghazwani SH, Khmees RA. Prevalence of dyslipidemia and its determinants among the adult population of the Jazan region. Int J Gen Med. 2023;16:4215–4226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S429462

Zaidi H, Byrkjeland R, Njerve IU, Åkra S, Solheim S, Arnesen H, Seljeflot I, Opstad TB. Effects of exercise training on inflammasome-related mediators and their associations with glucometabolic variables in patients with combined coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Vasc Dis Res. 2019;16(4):360–368. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1479164119836922

Horton R. Offline: lessons from the controversy over statins. Lancet. 2016;388(10049):1040. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31583-5

Lv S, Yu H, Liu X, Gao X. Study on the mechanism of Hugan tablets in treating atorvastatin-induced drug-related liver injury. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:683707. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.683707

Chaudhari AK, Das S, Singh BK, Prasad J, Dubey NK, Dwivedy AK. Herbal medicines as a rational alternative for treatment of human diseases. In: Botanical Leads for Drug Discovery. 2020;29–49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5917-4_2

Wiart C. Ethnopharmacology of Medicinal Plants: Asia and the Pacific. Springer Science & Business Media; 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420006803

Porro C, Benameur T, Cianciulli A, Vacca M, Chiarini M, De Angelis M, Panaro MA. Functional and therapeutic potential of Cynara scolymus in health benefits. Nutrients. 2024;16(6):872.

Hashmi MA, Khan A, Hanif M, Farooq U, Perveen S. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Olea europaea (olive). Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:541591. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/541591

Magied MA, Hussien SD, Zaki SM, Said RM. Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) leaves and heads extracts as hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic agents in rats. J Food Nutr Res. 2016;4(1):60–68.

Özcan MM, Matthäus B. Benefit and bioactive properties of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves: a review. Eur Food Res Technol. 2017;243:89–99. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-016-2726-9

Amraoui A, Djerrou Z, Haimoud SA, Zerouki K, Elmokli S. Antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant potential of Olea europaea L. leaves: an experimental study in vivo, in vitro and in silico. Foods Raw Mater. 2025;13(1):35–45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2025-1-621

Bundy R, Walker AF, Middleton RW, Wallis C, Simpson HC. Artichoke leaf extract (Cynara scolymus) reduces plasma cholesterol in otherwise healthy hypercholesterolemic adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytomedicine. 2008;15(9):668–675.

Charan J, Kantharia N. How to calculate sample size in animal studies. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2013;4(4):303–306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-500X.119726

Cunha LF, Ongaratto MA, Endres M, Barschak AG. Modelling hypercholesterolaemia in rats using a high-cholesterol diet. Int J Exp Pathol. 2021;102(2):74–79. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/iep.12387

Delsal JL. New method of extraction of serum lipids by methylal: application to micro-estimation of total cholesterol, phosphoaminolipids and proteins. Bull Soc Chim Biol. 1944;99–105.

Duong M, Uno K, Nankivell V, Bursill C, Nicholls SJ. Induction of obesity impairs reverse cholesterol transport in ob/ob mice. PLoS One. 2018;13(9):e0202102. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202102

Kawano M, Hokazono E, Osawa S, Sato S, Tateishi T, Manabe M, Matsui H, Kayamori Y. A novel assay for triglycerides using glycerol dehydrogenase and a water-soluble formazan dye (WST-8). Ann Clin Biochem. 2019;56(4):442–449. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0004563219830715

Postiglione L, Spanò A, Varricchio P, Larizza G, Oriente A, Gattozzi D, Oriente P. Serum A-I and B apolipoprotein determination: comparison of an immunoturbidimetric method with a monoclonal antibody-based radial immunodiffusion assay. Int J Clin Lab Res. 1992;21:318–320. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02591670

Albers JJ, Chen CH, Lacko AG. Isolation, characterization, and assay of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase. In: Methods in Enzymology. 1986;29:763–783. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0076-6879(86)29103-X

Habib MB, Akbar NS, Batool G. Investigation of dyslipidemia and lipid profile ratios among patients in tertiary care hospitals. EJIFCC. 2025;6(2):124.

Jha MA, Badade ZG, More K. Role of lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity and apolipoprotein A-1 level in type 2 diabetes. Int J Health Sci Res. 2018;8(5):67–74.

Furbee JW Jr, Francone O, Parks JS. In vivo contribution of LCAT to apolipoprotein B lipoprotein cholesteryl esters in LDL receptor and apolipoprotein E knockout mice. J Lipid Res. 2002;43(3):428–437. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-2275(20)30149-8

Yokoyama K, Tani S, Matsuo R, Matsumoto N. Association of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity and low-density lipoprotein heterogeneity with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk: a longitudinal pilot study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2018;18:10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-018-0967-1

Nishiwaki M, Ikewaki K, Bader G, Nazih H, Hannuksela M, Remaley AT, Shamburek RD, Brewer HB Jr. Human lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency: in vivo kinetics of low-density lipoprotein and lipoprotein-X. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26(6):1370–1375. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000217910.90210.99

Porro C, Benameur T, Cianciulli A, Vacca M, Chiarini M, De Angelis M, Panaro MA. Functional and therapeutic potential of Cynara scolymus in health benefits. Nutrients. 2024;16(6):872. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16060872

Fki I, Sayadi S, Mahmoudi A, Daoued I, Marrekchi R, Ghorbel H. Comparative study on beneficial effects of hydroxytyrosol- and oleuropein-rich olive leaf extracts on high-fat diet–induced lipid metabolism disturbance and liver injury in rats. Biomed Res Int. 2020;2020:1315202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/1315202

Colak E, Ustuner MC, Tekin N, Colak E, Burukoglu D, Degirmenci I, Gunes HV. The hepatocurative effects of Cynara scolymus L. leaf extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress and hepatic injury in rats. SpringerPlus. 2016;5:1–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-1894-1

Attia TB, Ali RB, Nahdi A, Galai S, Ghali R, Rammeh S, Mhamdi A. Olea europaea L. leaf extract mitigates oxidative and histological damage in rat heart tissue exposed to combined noise and toluene: an experimental study. Saudi Pharm J. 2023;31(8):101683.

Dekdouk N, Malafronte N, Russo D, Faraone I, De Tommasi N, Ameddah S, Severino L, Milella L. Phenolic compounds from Olea europaea L. possess antioxidant activity and inhibit carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes in vitro. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:684925. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/684925

Cheurfa M, Abdallah HH, Allem R, Noui A, Picot-Allain CMC, Mahomoodally F. Hypocholesterolaemic and antioxidant properties of Olea europaea L. leaves from Chlef province, Algeria using in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches. Food Chem Toxicol. 2019;123:98–105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.10.002

Mahboubi M. Cynara scolymus (artichoke) and its efficacy in the management of obesity. Bull Fac Pharm Cairo Univ. 2018;56(2):115–120. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bfopcu.2018.10.003

Ayuso P, Quizhpe J, Rosell MD, Peñalver R, Nieto G. Bioactive compounds, health benefits and food applications of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) and artichoke by-products: a review. Appl Sci. 2024;14(11):4940. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app14114940

Attia TB, Ali RB, Nahdi A, Galai S, Ghali R, Rammeh S, Mhamdi A. Olea europaea L. leaf extract mitigates oxidative and histological damage in rat heart tissue exposed to combined noise and toluene: an experimental study. Saudi Pharm J. 2023;31(8):101683. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2023.06.016

Banat H, Mansoor K, Al-Akayleh F, Daadoue S, Al-Remawi M. Extraction, phytochemical analysis, and standardization of oleuropein-rich olive leaf extracts: a study across diverse Jordanian regions. Jordan J Pharm Sci. 2025;18(3):862–877. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v18i3.2824

Sindhu KC, Kaundinnyayana A, Kumar Jha P, Poudel S, Poudel S, Kishor Yadav R, Subedi K, Joshi KR, Nagila A. Phytochemical screening and evaluation of the ameliorating effect of Aleuritopteris bicolor (Roxb.) Fraser-Jenk leaves extract on renal and hepatic impairment in a rat model of gentamicin-induced renal toxicity. Jordan J Pharm Sci. 2025;18(3):793–808. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v18i3.2534

Khaled K, Messaoudi M, Hacen L, Ghemam Amara D, Azedinne C, Atanassova MB, Atoki AV, Zahnit W. Antihyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective activity of two different Matricaria pubescens methanolic extracts in rats. Jordan J Pharm Sci. 2025;18(4):943–958. DOI: https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v18i4.3033

Ben Salem M, Affes H, Dhouibi R, Charfi S, Turki M, Hammami S, Ayedi F, Sahnoun Z, Zeghal KM, Ksouda K. Effect of artichoke (Cynara scolymus) on cardiac markers, lipid profile and antioxidant levels in tissues of high-fat diet–induced obese rats. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2022;128(1):184–194. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13813455.2019.1670213

Bundy R, Walker AF, Middleton RW, Wallis C, Simpson HC. Artichoke leaf extract (Cynara scolymus) reduces plasma cholesterol in otherwise healthy hypercholesterolemic adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytomedicine. 2008;15(9):668–675. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2008.03.001