Employing Ultrasonic Techniques to Improve Biological and Physiochemical Characteristics of Industrial Pollutants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v19i1.3462Keywords:
Ultrasonic technology, COD, TDS, pH, Coliform bacteriaAbstract
Objective: Ultrasonic waves are an eco-friendly, efficient technology due to their simple equipment, rapid reaction, lack of secondary pollution, sustainability, and use in industrial wastewater degradation. They have also been widely studied for degrading pollutants and enhancing biological treatment processes. Newly discovered pollutants from the pharmaceutical and agricultural industries, including hormones, antibiotics, dyes, and other pharmaceutical drugs, have become a major source of environmental problems and a threat to all living organisms and water bodies.
Materials and Methods: Samples of wastewater from vegetable oil factory basins in Baghdad were collected, followed by ultrasonic treatment (40 kHz) for four different periods (15, 30, 60, and 90 min), with varying energy (low, medium, and high). The pH, total dissolved solids, and chemical oxygen demand variables were measured, and the effect of ultrasound on the bacterial content of the polluted water was studied before and after treatment.
Results: The pH value increased after exposure to an ultrasound wave from an initial value (control) of 7.2 to 7.6, 8.1, and 7.8, respectively, with all cases (low, mid, and high), for 30 min of exposure. All (low, mid, and high) show an increase in Total Dissolved Solids from a control value of 1470 ppm to 1755, 1860, and 1944 ppm, decreasing to 1460, 1320, and 1185 ppm after 30 and 90 minutes of exposure, respectively. However, the Chemical Oxygen Demand value after being exposed for (15, 30, 60, and 90) min at (low, mid, and high) power, was reduced with reduction ratios (6.81, 31.8, and 34.09%), (43.1, 52.2, and 47.7%), (45.4, 52.2, and 56.8%), and (59.09, 61.3, and 68.1%), respectively. The number of bacterial colonies decreased with exposure time and energy strength. 100% removal of coliform bacteria after 90 min is due to bacterial cell damage.
Conclusion: We conclude that it is possible to employ green sustainability techniques to reduce the components of liquid waste discharged into the aquatic environment, water quality, and biodiversity.
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Accepted 2025-01-16
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