التنوع الجيني لأنواع اللوز الاردني المختلفة المتأتية من خلال السمات المورفولوجية ومؤشرات تحليل الحمض النووي متعدد اشكال التضخيم العشوائي
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v19i1.1224الكلمات المفتاحية:
اللوز، سلالات محلية، التنوع الجيني، السمات المورفولوجية، الأردنالملخص
تم دراسة العلاقات ما بين ستة سلالات أردنية للوز باستخدام التحاليل المورفولوجية ومؤشرات تحليل الحمض النووي متعدد أشكال التضخيم العشوائي (RAPD). بينت النتائج انه من ضمن ستة سلالات من اللوز تمت دراستها، كان شكل اللوز، وحجم النواة ، وطول اللوز، وحجم اللوز، وطول القشرة قد اظهر مستوى عال من التباين (CV>30%)، في حين أظهر طول النواة، وعرض القشرة، وطول العقد الداخلية، وعرض اللوز قيما منخفضة نسبيا في التباين (CV<20%). وأظهر تحليل المركب الرئيسي ان المركبات الخمس الاولى قد فسرت جميع التنوعات او التغايرات المورفولوجية خلال السلالات التي تمت دراستها. وكانت سمات النواة والجوزة هي الغالبة في المركبات الثلاث الأولى لتساهم بغالبية التنوع الكلي الموجود بين السلالات. وتم استخدام المسافة الاقليدية لبناء عناقيد من البيانات المورفولوجية والتي تم توزيعها بشكل فردي لمجموعتين رئيسيتين مع مسافة تراوحت من 5.5 إلى 10.14. وشكلت سلالات اللوز الحجري، الحامي الحلو والمكملي مجموعة رئيسية واحدة مع أحجام صغيرة للثمر، في حين شكلت السلالات الثلاث المتبقية (الاوغا، فارك، وأبو دبوس) السلسلة الثانية مع أحجام كبيرة للثمر. ومن بين 62 تضخيم عشوائي مسبق للحمض النووي، تم اختيار 12 وحدة منها لتحليل التنوع. وتم وضع الدرجات لـ 71 وحدة من بينها 28 وحدة متعددة الأشكال. وتراوحت قيمة المعدل لتعدد الأشكال أو التنوع لكل وحدة من 20% الى 74.2%. وتراوح معامل ارتباط مسافة نيز من 0.5 إلى 0.85 مع معدل 0.70. وكشف التحليل الجزيئي عن انفصال غير متسق ما بين السلالات مقارنة ما هو طبقا لسمات التنوع وتعدد الأشكال. وعلى الرغم من محدودية عدد السلالات المتواجدة في عجلون خلال المراقبة، إلا انه تمت ملاحظة تنوع كبير على مستويات كلا من تعدد الأشكال والحمض النووي ما يشير إلى أن سلالات اللوز الأردني غنية وان هناك مواد ومركبات جينية قيمة لتحسين اللوز.
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