Chemical and Functional Properties of Mahlab Tree (Prunus mahaleb) Exudate Gum

Ayed Amr; Mohammed  Saleh; Esma  Foufou; Meghzili Batoul; Mohammad Shahein

doi:10.35516/jjas.v19i4.309

Authors

Ayed Amr School of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Jordan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0928-747X
Mohammed Saleh School of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Jordan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7263-7065
Esma Foufou Constantine 1 University, Constantine, Algeria
Meghzili Batoul Constantine 1 University, Constantine, Algeria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7554-4342
Mohammad Shahein School of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Jordan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8052-5944

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.35516/jjas.v19i4.309

Keywords:

Mahlab, prunus spp., hydrocolloids, gum sugars, gum rheology

Abstract

Prunus mahaleb (Mahlab) is one of the gums-producing species of the Rosaceae family. The gums produced by many members of this family were extensively investigated except those of Mahlab. Hence, the work aims to study the chemical and functional properties of this gum which is produced from trees grown in Jordan. Exudate nodules were collected in the summer of 2021 from Mahlab trees and sorted according to their color into grades I, II, and III. The chemical composition, hygroscopicity, swelling index, water absorption, emulsification and foaming capacities, solubility, and foam stability of these grades were measured. Proximate composition showed significant (P ≤0.05) variations between the three grades in all of their proximate components except protein. Grade I had the greatest moisture and fat content of 18.0 and 3.29%, respectively. Grade III had the highest protein (though non-significantly (P>0.05) different from other grades) and ash content of 1.10 and 2.91%, respectively. All grades had similar, though significantly (P≤ 0.05) different levels of calcium, sodium, potassium, and magnesium. Also, their HPLC - detected sugar profiles consisted of xylose (17.65-19.77% w/w), rhamnose (10.10-12.34%w/w), arabinose (53.35-62.01% w/w) and galactose (9.88-14.50%w/w). Results showed significant (P ≤0.05) differences between the three grades in their functional properties, with grade III having the greatest swelling index and water absorption capacity of 7.52 and 16.52%, respectively. Grade I has the greatest hygroscopicity of 6.57% while grade II has the greatest foaming capacity of 21.02%. All grades showed a non-Newtonian-type shear-thinning behavior. Based on the results of this study, it is evident that Mahlab tree exudate gums pose chemical and functional properties typical of other known hydrocolloids.

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Author Biographies

Ayed Amr, School of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Jordan

Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Jordan

Mohammed Saleh , School of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Jordan

Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Jordan

Esma Foufou , Constantine 1 University, Constantine, Algeria

Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Technology, Constantine 1 University, Constantine, Algeria

Meghzili Batoul , Constantine 1 University, Constantine, Algeria

Laboratory of Nutrition and Food Technology, Constantine 1 University, Constantine, Algeria

Mohammad Shahein, School of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Jordan

Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, School of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Jordan

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