التجارة الدولية وعمالة المرأة: حالة الأردن
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/jjes.v11i1.1633الملخص
ملخّـص
الأهداف: هدف هذا البحث إلى استقصاء تأثير مؤشرات التجارة الدولية، وتحرير التجارة، والمتغيرات الأخرى ذات الصلة على مشاركة الإناث في القوى العاملة (FLFP)، وعمالة الإناث (FE) في قطاعات الزراعة؛ والصناعة؛ والخدمات في الأردن للفترة 1990-2019.
المنهجية: استخدمت الدراسة أربعة نماذج قياسية معتمدة على منهج المربعات الصغرى العادية المعدلة بالكامل (FMOLS)، وذلك لتقدير تأثير كل من التجارة الدولية (Trade)، والناتج المحلي الإجمالي للفرد (GDPC)، والمواليد الأحياء (LB)، والتحاق الإناث في المدرسة الثانوية (EFSS)، وبطالة الإناث (FUN)، بالإضافة إلى انضمام الأردن إلى منظمة التجارة العالمية على مشاركة الإناث في القوى العاملة وعلى عمالة الإناث في القطاعات الاقتصادية الثلاثة.
النتائج - أشارت النتائج التجريبية إلى أنّ التجارة الدولية، وانضمام الأردن إلى منظمة التجارة العالمية، و EFSS، و FUN لها تأثير سلبي كبير على FLFP، بعكس تأثير GDPC الذي جاء إيجابيا. وفيما يتعلق بعمالة الإناث في الثلاثة القطاعات الاقتصادية، فقد تم الحصول على نتائج مختلفة، إذ كان أثر التجارة الدولية سلبيا في قطاعي الزراعة والخدمات، وإيجابيا في القطاع الصناعي.
الخلاصة: من أهم النتائج التي توصلت إليها الدراسة هي أنّ مشاركة المرأة في سوق العمل قد تأثرت سلباً بالانفتاح التجاري. لذلك، على الحكومة المضي قدما في سياسة الانفتاح التجاري وفي ذات الوقت تعزيز مشاركة المرأة في سوق العمل ، ورفع نسبة تلك المشاركة من خلال تبني مبادرات تعليمية وتدريبية تؤهل المرأة لسوق العمل. إضافة إلى مراجعة تشريعات العمل في الأردن من أجل التخلص من فجوة الأجور المبنية على التمييز بين الجنسين.
المراجع
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