محددات البطالة والمشاركة الاقتصادية للإناث في سوق العمل الأردنية 1970-2017
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35516/jjes.v10i1.846الكلمات المفتاحية:
المشاركة الاقتصادية، معدلات البطالة، القوى العاملة، سوق العمل الأردنية، طريقة الانحدار الذاتي لفترات الإبطاء الموزعةالملخص
الأهداف: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى استقصاء محددات معدلات البطالة والمشاركة الاقتصادية للإناث في سوق العمل الأردنية وذلك خلال الفترة الزمنية 1970-2017.
المنهجية: لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة تم استخدام كِلا المنهجين التحليل الوصفي والتحليل القياسي لاستقصاء محددات المشاركة الاقتصادية والبطالة للإناث، إذ تم استخدام طريقة الانحدار الذاتي لفترات الإبطاء الموزعة (ARDL).
النتائج: كما توصلت الدراسة إلى أن معدلات البطالة للإناث تأثرت إيجابيا بكل من الناتج المحلي الإجمالي الحقيقي، وأعداد القوى العاملة للإناث. وتوصلت كذلك إلى وجود أثر إيجابي لمتوسط الدخل السنوي وأعداد القوى العاملة من الإناث على معدلات المشاركة الاقتصادية للإناث، في حين كان أثر حجم الاستثمار الأجنبي المباشر سلبيا على تلك المعدلات. وانتهت الدراسة إلى وجود العديد من المحددات المؤثرة على معدلات مشاركة الإناث في سوق العمل الأردنية؛ أبرزها: العامل المهني والقطاعي، والعامل التعليمي، والعامل الديموغرافي.
الخلاصة: أوصت الدراسة باتخاذ كافة السبل الكفيلة بتحفيز النمو الاقتصادي، وبالتالي خلق فرص عمل جديدة في الاقتصاد الوطني. وكذلك ضرورة ربط حجم الحوافز والاعفاءات الممنوحة للاستثمار الأجنبي بمدى استخدامه للأردنيين وخاصة الإناث.
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